高校国防教育在大学生素质教育中的功效

高校国防教育是大学生素质教育的重要组成部分,具有其他教育形式不可替代的作用,在大学生中开展国防教育有利于提高大学生的国防意识、集体主义观念、组织纪律性、身心素质和科学文化素养,是培养和造就高素质人才的重要途径。     

论国家自由、团体自由与个人自由之间的关系——以《新民丛报》为考察对象

梁启超等《新民丛报》学人关于国家自由、团体自由、个人自由的关系,是受到极力责难的地方,也就是在这方面争论他们是不是自由主义者最激烈的地方。《新民丛报》学人虽然介绍了西方许多重视个人自由的思想,并力图将其改造以适合于中国,但是他们却不能把个人自由放于高于一切的地位。当中国不能实现自由之时,许多人更加相信梁启超等人不能真正理解自由主义。虽然这些人说的话有一定道理,但这是他们赋予了梁启超等人太多的责难。     

Effectiveness of physical education to promote motor competence in primary school children

Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development.

Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development.

Methods: Three classes (n?=?60, aged 9.0?±?0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a school year: two PE lessons/week (PE-2), three PE lessons/week (PE-3), and no PE lessons control group (CG). BMI, skinfolds, PF (9-min run/walk, sit-up, modified pull-ups), gymnastics, soccer, handball, basketball and track-and-field skills were evaluated. Effect sizes (d) were reported as magnitude of change.

Results: Skinfolds significantly increased only in CG (d?=?1.21). PF composite z-scores improved in PE-3 (d?=?0.61), but decreased in PE-2 (d?=?0.57), and had no changes in CG. Statistically significant improvement was verified in gymnastics and handball skills in both experimental groups (gymnastic: d?=?2.95 and d?=?2.61 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively; handball: d?=?1.87 and d?=?0.57 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively), and no changes were seen in CG. In soccer, there were improvements only in the PE-3 (d?=?0.55), and in basketball only in PE-2 (d?=?0.46). There were no changes in any group for track-and-field skills.

Conclusions: PE programs can effectively promote PF and MS development.     

武术文化的主体间性辨释

"主体间性"通过对美学、文学等领域的考察,为我们分析武术文化提供了经验。从身体与精神、人与人、人与物、人与社会、人与自然等关系中认定了主体间性的存在,表现在"身心之和""人我之和""师徒之和""人与器和""武与政和""门派之和""天人之和"等多个层面。正是因为主体间性的存在, 才使辨证智慧的"和"思想在中国武术中得以实现。     

国外青少年体质健康促进政策的经验与启示

主要运用文献研究、逻辑分析、比较研究等方法,对美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和日本等5个发达国家青少年体质健康促进政策的概况及共性经验进行分析与归纳,研究认为,注重学校、家庭、社区的协调发展,发挥青少年体育组织的积极作用,推动青少年行动计划的实践实施,建立激励政策引导青少年体育锻炼是国外青少年体质健康促进政策的主要经验。据此提出对我国青少年体质健康促进政策发展的主要启示：政府在青少年体质健康促进中的准确定位、发挥社会组织在政策运行中的基础性作用、出台促进青少年体质健康发展的法律法规、建立青少年体质健康多维联动的发展机制。     

健身指导APP资源及使用行为的调查研究

在移动互联网飞速发展的今天,健身指导APP给人们的运动健身带来了新的指导方式。通过文献资料法收集了当前健身指导APP的资源现状,问卷调查法了解当前健身指导APP的使用现状。研究发现,当下健身指导APP存在的问题有：（1）健身指导APP各类型使用率与实际市场占有率差别较大;（2）健身指导APP付费服务存在缺口;（3）通过健身指导APP达到经常锻炼标准的比例较低。针对这些问题提出以下对策与建议：（1）着力发展资源配置型健身指导APP;（2）丰富健身指导APP付费服务,创造新型盈利点;（3）提高健身指导APP服务水平,加强内容的信息监管;（4）与其他互联网平台相互整合发展,多方位为人们提供健身指导服务。     

The effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review

Although the effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy have been investigated in several studies, the findings are equivocal and the practical implications remain unclear. In an attempt to provide clarity on the topic, we performed a systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) electronic databases. Six studies were found to have met the inclusion criteria: (a) an experimental trial published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (b) the study compared the use of short (≤60?s) to long (>60?s) inter-set rest intervals in a traditional dynamic resistance exercise using both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, with the only difference in resistance training among groups being the inter-set rest interval duration; (c) at least one method of measuring changes in muscle mass was used in the study; (d) the study lasted for a minimum of four weeks, employed a training frequency of ≥2 resistance training days per week, and (e) used human participants without known chronic disease or injury. Current evidence indicates that both short and long inter-set rest intervals may be useful when training for achieving gains in muscle hypertrophy. Novel findings involving trained participants using measures sensitive to detect changes in muscle hypertrophy suggest a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to elicit hypertrophic effects. However, due to the paucity of studies with similar designs, further research is needed to provide a clear differentiation between these two approaches.     

Sprint kayaking and canoeing performance prediction based on the relationship between maturity status,anthropometry and physical fitness in young elite paddlers

This study aimed to identify the maturity-related differences and its influence on the physical fitness, morphological and performance characteristics of young elite paddlers. In total, 89 kayakers and 82 canoeists, aged 13.69 ± 0.57 years (mean ± s), were allocated in three groups depending on their age relative to the age at peak height velocity (pre-APHV, circum-APHV and post-APHV) and discipline (kayak and canoe). Nine anthropometric variables, a battery of four physical fitness tests (overhead medicine ball throw, countermovement jump, sit-and-reach test and 20 m multistage shuttle run test) and three specific performance tests (1000, 500 and 200 m) were assessed. Both disciplines presented significant maturity-based differences in all anthropometric parameters (except for fat and muscle mass percentage), overhead medicine ball throw and all performance times (pre > circum > post; P < 0.05). Negative and significant correlations (P < 0.01) were detected between performance times, chronological age and anthropometry (body mass, height, sitting height and maturity status), overhead medicine ball throw and sit and reach for all distances. These findings confirm the importance of maturity status in sprint kayaking and canoeing since the more mature paddlers were also those who revealed largest body size, physical fitness level and best paddling performance. Additionally, the most important variables predicting performance times in kayaking and canoeing were maturity status and chronological age, respectively.     

培育大学生的民族精神——《中国近现代史纲要》教学肩负的重要任务

民族精神集中体现了一个民族在一定的自然环境和社会历史条件下生存和发展的独特方式,反映了一个民族的心理特征、文化传统和精神风貌。随着全球化和社会转型期的到来,大学生民族精神教育面临着一系列的挑战和困境。《中国近现代史纲要》作为对大学生国情、历史的教育,对培育大学生的民族精神发挥着重要的作用。如何发挥这门课的独特优势,结合民族精神教育的良好契机,探索适合高校大学生教育的途径,增强大学生的民族情感和使命感是本文探讨的主要问题。     

商业银行操作风险控制绩效系统研究

《新巴塞尔资本协议》认为：操作风险将逐渐上升为现代商业银行的首要风险,操作风险控制已成为商业银行风险控制的重要领域。信息化建设是我国商业银行的一项长期战略．而内部控制是一种重要的管理活动,对我国商业银行操作风险控制绩效的提升具有天然的推动作用。通过对基于信息化建设和内部控制导向的我国商业银行操作风险控制绩效提升系统的经验性解析,可以为我国商业银行加强信息化建设和内部控制功能、进一步提高操作风险的控制绩效提供了现实性的理论借鉴。