民国时期中美图书馆交流史序说:研究综述、理论基础与历史分期

民国时期的中美图书馆交流史不仅是理解中国图书馆与图书馆学缘起的重要议题,在回应图书馆领域史学研究的“双重困境”方面,也具有其特殊的价值。梳理民国时期中美图书馆交流史的相关文献和研究主题发现,本课题难点在于庞杂的线索、社群与诸多政治、经济因素的介入等。由此,本研究吸收“世界体系理论”“书籍交流圈”等跨学科的思想和方法,提出一个由宏观、中观和微观三个层次组成的理论视角,并阐述这一理论视角如何转化为具体的研究方法,以提高学界对民国时期中美图书馆交流史研究的整体理解和把控能力。研究发现,“专业交往”到“文化外交”的视角渐变是民国时期中美图书馆交流的核心轴线,以此可以将这段历史分为四个时期,帮助我们把握不同时期的交往脉络、主要成就和基本特点。表1。参考文献73。     

19世纪美国主日学校图书馆研究

美国主日学校图书馆是十九世纪基督教传教活动的一种辅助设施,以向儿童进行宗教和伦理教化为主要目的。作为公共图书馆兴起以前重要的图书馆形态,其定位、功能与作用值得系统深入的研究。主日学校图书馆的创设始于19世纪初期,1850年左右成为美国提供宗教文献和儿童读物的主要渠道,其广泛建立和发展一直持续到1880年,之后日渐式微。主日学校图书馆藏书重点由宗教文献向通俗童书过渡;分类编目处于草创阶段,较为粗略;读者服务规章严格,以闭架借阅为主;率先向儿童免费开放,是儿童图书馆事业的基石;培养儿童阅读习惯,促进了美国基础教育的发展;突破阶级、种族和性别壁垒,促进了公共图书馆民主、平等与包容等服务理念的形成;遍布美国各地,奠定了农村图书馆事业发展的基础。表1。参考文献38。     

Worn Grooves

Drawing from visual, material and written archival sources, this article critically explores some of the functions, uses and perceived values of recorded sound during the First World War and in its aftermath. An instrument of communication as well as commemoration, the gramophone helped bridge geographical (and, in some cases, cultural) distances between the home front and the rear, providing civilians with the fleeting illusion of presence, proximity, or even sentimental communion with the front. The article analyses (a) the affective and connective, but also propagandist, values of commercial wartime recordings as they circulated between the home and the front, (b) the popular notion of gramophones as regulatory instruments of civilisation, (c) the commemorative exploitations of recorded sound in the interwar period. The article focuses on the British experience, contrasting it with examples drawn from French and German experiences.     

The Formation of Swedish Media Studies, 1960–1980

Around 1960, the politics of the emerging media society in Sweden tended to fixate the formative functions of mass communication. The monopoly of public service broadcast media, press subsidies and new tendencies in film policy were some of the issues around which uncertainty prevailed. New methods to provide reliable data were sought by politicians, since empirical facts were required as arguments for an updated media policy. This article examines the different ways that the field of media studies was introduced in Sweden between 1960 and 1980. We argue that Swedish academic media studies departed from, and emerged within, a rather diffuse borderland between industry, politics and academia. The formation of national media research in Sweden can partly be seen as an effect of politicians and the media industry wanting to be better informed on issues such as media influence, media ownership and the habits and composition of the media audience.     

The “Free Press” of Unionized Journalists and Students

This paper outlines a history of the union organizing of the American Newspaper Guild at Thomson Newspapers’ Peterborough Examiner in Canada from 1968 to 1969. It examines the communication tools that union members used to facilitate this labor organizing and “bite back” at the profitable Thomson chain. Peterborough newsworkers went on strike from November 1968 to April 1969 over union recognition. During the strike, the union members built an unprecedented alliance with Ontario university students, collaboratively launching a strike newspaper called the Peterborough Free Press. Expanding on the concept of temporary labor convergence, this paper considers how strike newspapers can be seen as a form of alternative journalism that newsworkers use as a campaigning tool to communicate their struggles to the public and put pressure on news corporations to bargain with them. This case study is situated in the local institutional contexts of labor relations at the Peterborough Examiner and the news industry in Peterborough, where Thomson Newspapers had a media monopoly. It is based on labor standpoint and signal juncture analyses of union archival documents and newspaper content. The research ultimately suggests that newsworkers should not only focus on communication tools but also build bridges with community members.     

匈牙利自然历史博物馆的历史、设施和活动

匈牙利自然历史博物馆是世界上最早的自然历史博物馆之一,具有独特的传统并在社会中发挥着决定性的文化作用。馆内收藏有丰富的植物学、动物学、人类学、古生物学和地质学的藏品、原生型标本以及藏书,为世界各地研究人员的研究活动提供收藏品和设施。该馆每年举办的展览吸引观众约30万人次,组织近500场教育活动,受众达到了44000人。该馆意识到博物馆当前所面临的挑战与机遇,积极应对诸如气候变化、生物多样性危机、新发传染病、生物入侵等全球性问题,在探索与相关政府部门以及其他科学组织和机构合作方式过程中发挥主导作用。     

基于中文信息处理的古籍整理研究评述

随着计算机技术的飞速发展,基于中文信息处理的古籍整理已成为近年来的研究热点,并且取得一些可喜的成绩。在搜集整理当前研究与应用成果的基础上,从古籍的自动录入、自动断句、自动编纂以及自动翻译等方面对基于中文信息处理技术的古籍整理的研究现状进行概述,同时分别探讨这几个方面仍然存在的问题,并展望其今后的研究工作。      

中文核心医药期刊官网生物医学研究伦理审查制度建设现状与提升策略

对中文核心医药期刊官网中的生物医学研究伦理审查制度建设现状进行调查分析,为加强我国生物医学研究伦理审查制度建设提供参考.从《中文核心期刊要目总览(2017年版)》收录的255种医药期刊中随机选取100种中文核心医药期刊作为研究对象,登录这100种医药期刊官网,对生物医学研究伦理审查要求进行分析.结果 表明:在100种中文核心医药期刊官网中,稿约或投稿指南对生物医学研究伦理审查有要求的期刊51种,其中对临床试验伦理审查要求最多(49种期刊),对提供临床试验注册号要求最少(12种期刊);官网主页设置"医学伦理"栏目的 只有10种期刊,其中对临床试验伦理审查与动物实验伦理审查要求最多(9种期刊),只有3种期刊有上传生物医学研究伦理审查办法文件.有6种期刊在稿约对生物医学研究伦理学有要求的同时,在主页也设置了"医学伦理"栏目.可见,中文核心期刊官网对生物医学研究伦理审查不够重视,应进一步加强医学伦理审查制度的建设.科技期刊编辑部应与国际接轨,学习国际著名期刊的做法,更新办刊理念;利用好官网提供生物医学研究伦理学习资源,对作者进行医学伦理教育;应制定统一的生物医学研究伦理审查规范.     

古代农艺本体的构建实验

借鉴和利用农业科学主题词表的语义关系和领域概念,描述农艺领域内的概念以及概念之间的关系,以农业领域专业词典、《农业专业分类表》、《农业科学叙词表》及农业文本为语料,吸收分面叙词表的编制思想,利用开发工具Protégé2000来构建古代农艺的领域本体,以实现对古代农艺资源的有序组织和有效利用。     

契丹文化观与契丹艺术

草原文化与中原文化的猛烈撞击、中北亚民族的大融合以及游牧生存方式等因素,形成了契丹开放、包容的文化观念和民族文化心理。契丹对中原文化的认同,对民族文化的坚守,使契丹艺术呈现出既接受、借鉴汉族艺术,同时又重视艺术本土化的特征。