青少年男子铅球运动员施力特征探析

采用三维数字测力铅球仪对青少年运动员在整个投掷过程中的施力特征与动作技术特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)在完整推铅球动作过程中运动员对铅球的作用力曲线与铅球速度变化趋势基本一致,在最后用力动作过程中,合力曲线呈“双峰型”;(2)在最后用力开始左脚着地瞬间力值逐渐增大,到右腿蹬转使运动员身体由侧对投掷方向转为正对投掷方向瞬间出现第一次峰值;在推掷臂肘关节夹角约为90°时出现第二次峰值。     

关于短跑运动员服用甲壳素影响运动能力的研究

观察了我院田径队短跑组运动员服用甲壳素(C hitin)前后,机体在激烈运动后血乳酸浓度、血细胞形态、超氧化物歧化酶及最大摄氧量的变化。实验表明:通过服用甲壳素短跑运动员在运动过程中血乳酸浓度有显著的降低;成熟红细胞形态有更圆润、保满的趋势;最大摄氧量有提高;谷胱甘肽有所升高、乳酸脱氢酶、丙二醛有所下降,运动员的运动能力有所提高。     

运动性疲劳分子生物学机制的研究进展

从四个方面(细胞内分子、细胞膜分子、细胞外分子和其他广泛存在的分子和离子)综合分析运动性疲劳分子生物学机制的研究进展,以期达到完善运动性疲劳机制理论体系的目的.     

9——18岁学生最大吸氧量的纵向研究

本文采用复盖式纵向研究法,对9—18岁男女学生的最大吸氧量进行连续4年的直接测定,分析研究了其自然发展规律及年龄、性别特征。     

Extraterrestrial artificial photosynthetic materials for in-situ resource utilization

Aerospace milestones in human history, including returning to the moon and manned Martian missions, have been implemented in recent years. Space exploration has become one of the global common goals, and to ensure the survival and development of human beings in the extraterrestrial extreme environment has been becoming the basic ability and technology of manned space exploration. For the purpose of fulfilling the goal of extraterrestrial survival, researchers in Nanjing University and the China Academy of Space Technology proposed extraterrestrial artificial photosynthesis (EAP) technology. By simulating the natural photosynthesis of green plants on the Earth, EAP converts CO₂/H₂O into fuel and O₂ in an in-situ, accelerated and controllable manner by using waste CO₂ in the confined space of spacecraft, or abundant CO₂ resources in extraterrestrial celestial environments, e.g. Mars. Thus, the material loading of manned spacecraft can be greatly reduced to support affordable and sustainable deep space exploration. In this paper, EAP technology is compared with existing methods of converting CO₂/H₂O into fuel and O₂ in the aerospace field, especially the Sabatier method and Bosch reduction method. The research progress of possible EAP materials for in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resources are also discussed in depth. Finally, this review lists the challenges that the EAP process may encounter, which need to be focused on for future implementation and application. We expect to deepen the understanding of artificial photosynthetic materials and technologies, and aim to strongly support the development of manned spaceflight.     

TPR技术对钒系催化剂供氧活性和数目的研究

本文报导了利用TPR技术研究钒系催化剂的供氧活性和数目,从而阐明了TPD平衡法的可靠性.     

氧自由基代谢中微量元素的作用机制

对铜锌超氧化物歧化酶、锰超氧化物歧化酶和铁超氧化物歧化酶等三种金属蛋白酶的活性结构及酶蛋白中金属离子催化氧自由基的机理进行了综述。     

Differences in pedalling technique between road cyclists of different competitive levels

The purpose of this study was to compare the pedalling technique in road cyclists of different competitive levels. Eleven professional, thirteen elite and fourteen club cyclists were assessed at the beginning of their competition season. Cyclists’ anthropometric characteristics and bike measurements were recorded. Three sets of pedalling (200, 250 and 300 W) on a cycle ergometer that simulated their habitual cycling posture were performed at a constant cadence (~90 rpm), while kinetic and kinematic variables were registered. The results showed no differences on the main anthropometric variables and bike measurements. Professional cyclists obtained higher positive impulse proportion (1.5–3.3% and P < 0.05), mainly due to a lower resistive torque during the upstroke (15.4–28.7% and P < 0.05). They also showed a higher ankle range of movement (ROM, 1.1–4.0° and P < 0.05). Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were found between the cyclists’ body mass and the kinetic variables of pedalling: positive impulse proportion (r = ?0.59 to ?0.61), minimum (r = ?0.59 to ?0.63) and maximum torques (r = 0.35–0.47). In conclusion, professional cyclists had better pedalling technique than elite and club cyclists, because they opted for enhancing pulling force at the recovery phase to sustain the same power output. This technique depended on cycling experience and level of expertise.     

Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese women

The purpose of this study was to evaluate two practical interval training protocols on cardiorespiratory fitness, lipids and body composition in overweight/obese women. Thirty women (mean ± SD; weight: 88.1 ± 15.9 kg; BMI: 32.0 ± 6.0 kg · m²) were randomly assigned to ten 1-min high-intensity intervals (90%VO₂ peak, 1 min recovery) or five 2-min high-intensity intervals (80–100% VO₂ peak, 1 min recovery) or control. Peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak), peak power output (PPO), body composition and fasting blood lipids were evaluated before and after 3 weeks of training, completed 3 days per week. Results from ANCOVA analyses demonstrated no significant training group differences for any primary variables (P > 0.05). When training groups were collapsed, 1MIN and 2MIN resulted in a significant increase in PPO (?18.9 ± 8.5 watts; P = 0.014) and time to exhaustion (?55.1 ± 16.4 s; P = 0.001); non-significant increase in VO₂ peak (?2.36 ± 1.34 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1; P = 0.185); and a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) (??1.96 ± 0.99 kg; P = 0.011). Short-term interval exercise training may be effective for decreasing FM and improving exercise tolerance in overweight and obese women.