4-一溴联苯醚的紫外光降解反应研究

以汞灯为光源研究了4-一溴联苯醚在有机溶剂中的光化学反应特性,探讨了初始浓度、紫外光源和溶剂介质对其光解速率的影响。结果表明,4-一溴联苯醚在有机溶剂中的紫外光降解均符合准一级动力学规律;300 W汞灯下,4-一溴联苯醚在不同有机溶剂中的光解速率存在明显差异,其在正己烷中的降解速率与甲醇接近,分别为1.22 min-1和1.20 min-1,而在丙酮中光解速率显著降低,仅为0.0082 min-1;光源强度越高,4-一溴联苯醚降解速率越快;因竞争吸光作用,溶液初始浓度也对4-一溴联苯醚的光解反应有影响,初始浓度增高其降解速率减慢。     

水中化学需氧量检测方法的比对分析

通过重铬酸钾法（经典潮与快速消解分光光度法（改进后的快速潮两种试验方法对不同水样化学需氧量的对比分析,确定两种方法对不同水样比对结果,最大差值7mg/L,加标回收率为93．5％-105％。改进后的快速法标准样品验证试验分析实验结果准确度与精密度在方法控制范围内。证明改进后的快速法操作简便,方法稳定,精密度与准确度较高,与经典法比对可比性好。     

Musculoskeletal stiffness during hopping and running does not change following downhill backwards walking

Eccentric contractions that provide spring energy can also cause muscle damage. The aim of this study was to explore leg and vertical stiffness following muscle damage induced by an eccentric exercise protocol. Twenty active males completed 60 minutes of backward-walking on a treadmill at 0.67 m/s and a gradient of ? 8.5° to induce muscle damage. Tests were performed immediately before; immediately post; and 24, 48, and 168 hours post eccentric exercise. Tests included running at 3.35 m/s and hopping at 2.2 Hz using single- and double-legged actions. Leg and vertical stiffness were measured from kinetic and kinematic data, and electromyography (EMG) of five muscles of the preferred limb were recorded during hopping. Increases in pain scores (over 37%) occurred post-exercise and 24 and 48 hours later (p < 0.001). A 7% decrease in maximal voluntary contraction occurred immediately post-exercise (p = 0.019). Changes in knee kinematics during single-legged hopping were observed 168 hours post (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in EMG, creatine kinase activity, leg, or vertical stiffness. Results indicate that knee mechanics may be altered to maintain consistent levels of leg and vertical stiffness when eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage is present in the lower legs.     

Skating mechanics of change-of-direction manoeuvres in ice hockey players

Ice hockey requires rapid transitions between skating trajectories to effectively navigate about the ice surface. Player performance relates in large part to effective change-of-direction manoeuvres, but little is known about how those skills are performed mechanically and the effect of equipment design on them. The purpose of this study was to observe the kinetics involved in those manoeuvres as well as to compare whether kinetic differences may result between two skate models of varying ankle mobility. Eight subjects with competitive ice hockey playing experience performed rapid lateral (90°) left and right change-of-direction manoeuvres. Kinetic data were collected using force strain gauge transducers on the blade holders of the skates. Significantly greater forces were applied by the outside skate (50–70% body weight, %BW) in comparison to the inside skate (12–24%BW, p < 0.05). Skate model and turn direction had no main effect, though significant mixed interactions between leg side (inside/outside) with skate model or turn direction (p < 0.05) were observed, with a trend for left-turn dominance. This study demonstrates the asymmetric dynamic behaviour inherent in skating change-of-direction tasks.     

Effects of small-volume soccer and vibration training on body composition,aerobic fitness,and muscular PCr kinetics for inactive women aged 20–45

PurposeThe present study investigated the effects of 16 weeks of small-volume, small-sided soccer training soccer group (SG, n = 13) and oscillating whole-body vibration training vibration group (VG, n = 17) on body composition, aerobic fitness, and muscle PCr kinetics in healthy inactive premenopausal women in comparison with an inactive control group (CO, n = 14).MethodsTraining for SG and VG consisted of twice-weekly 15-min sessions with average heart rates (HRs) of ∼155 and 90 bpm respectively. Pre- and post-measurements of body composition (DXA), phosphocreatine (PCr) on- and off-kinetics, and HR measurements during standardised submaximal exercise were performed.ResultsAfter 16 weeks of training in SG, fat percentage was lowered (p = 0.03) by 1.7% ± 2.4% from 37.5% ± 6.9% to 35.8% ± 6.2% and the PCr decrease in the quadriceps during knee-extension ramp exercise was attenuated (4% ± 8%, p = 0.04), with no changes in VG or CO (time-group effect: p = 0.03 and p = 0.03). Submaximal exercise HR was also reduced in SG after 16 weeks of training (6% ± 5% of HR_max, p = 0.01).ConclusionShort duration soccer training for 16 weeks appears to be sufficient to induce favourable changes in body composition and indicators of aerobic fitness and muscle oxidative capacity in untrained premenopausal women.     

TiN薄膜常压化学气相沉积及动力学研究

在玻璃基片温度400℃和650℃之间，讨论了TiCl4-NH3-N2体系TiN常压化学气相沉积（APCVD）及动力学。在500－650℃温度范围内。TiN在高温玻璃表面沉积为反应物扩散控制，低于400℃为表面反应控制，其沉积速度明显受玻璃温度，反应物浓度和气体流速影响。     

心力变化趋势与摄氧量和心率相关性的研究

20名运动员及15名普通大学生志愿受试者在功率自行车上做递增负荷运动直至疲劳。用运动心力监测仪在记录受试者运动每个阶段的第一心音幅值，把它相对于安静时幅值增加的相应倍数定义为心力变化趋势(Cardiac Contractility Change Trend，CCCT)，并用运动心肺功能仪同时记录其摄氧量和心率，探讨运动员及普通大学生在运动及恢复状态下心肌收缩力变化趋势与摄氧量和心率的相关性。结果表明，受试者在运动及恢复阶段的心肌收缩力与摄氧量(r=0．589～0．978)和心率(r=0．739～0．986)的变化趋势之间存在着高度相关。提示，心力变化趋势指标可以作为运动员和常人临床测定心肺功能的重要指标之一，为运动医学和临床实践提供依据。     

运动中肌肉氧含量下降与肌肉疲劳的关系

肌肉的强烈收缩将导致疲劳，肌肉在疲劳状态下工作能力下降，并容易导致损伤，因而能否有效评价疲劳对监控运动负荷以及避免肌肉损伤具有重要意义。肌电指标是传统的评定肌肉疲劳的方法，在训练状态下不易获得，近红外光谱技术是一种无损的可以遥测组织氧含量的方法，由于氧含量下降可能与肌肉疲劳的发生相关，因而监测肌氧含量的下降程度可能是评定肌肉疲劳的新方法。     

最大吸氧量对青少年100m和800m训练项目的影响

采用文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法对某重点中学体育训练队的16名男女学生进行Pwc170台阶实验测试分别推算出各受试学生的Vo2m ax,然后对男女各组100m和800m进行相关性分析,根据测试结果及分析显示,Vo2m ax对男生100m与800m成绩的线性关系达到了显著水平,男女生存在差异。对青少年的最大吸氧量的预测有非常重要的意义。     

武术、体操女运动员最大有氧工作能力的预测

为准确预测运动员的最大吸氧量,本文对武术、体操女运动员定量工作时的心率、氧脉搏、肺通气量等生理指标,通过计算机分析处理,选择其中较显著的因素建立了三个最优逐步回归方程。通过验证,其预测结果能准确反映运动员的身体工作能力。