论民国时期“政府主导、服务型”乡村改造模式——以民国江西农村服务为中心

1934年国民党在江西开展了农村服务运动。当时的民国江西农村工作者,从管教养卫四个方面开展农村服务工作,探索出了一套以政府主导、服务农村为特点的传统乡村社会改造模式,力图从多方面推动江西农村社会的现代化。尽管这种模式有其难以解开的死结,但仍是值得今天借鉴的农村改造模式之一。     

The Impact of an SES-Based Model on a College's Undergraduate Admissions Outcomes

In Grutter vs. Bollinger, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of race as one factor, among many in admissions decisions is constitutional. It is not known, however, whether future legal opinions will continue to uphold the use of affirmative action policies. Some have argued that class-based preferences can achieve many of the same goals as in affirmative action while being more likely to withstand legal challenges. To date, no empirical studies have been conducted on the potential impact of a class-based admissions policy if implemented at an undergraduate institution. This paper reports on a study at a selective public college and compares a number of outcomes under three admissions models: the original admissions decisions, a purely academic model, and an socio-economic status (SES)-based model. The findings showed that use of the SES-based model would have led to a more academically qualified class than in the original admitted class while maintaining substantially greater student diversity that was found under the academic model. An admissions policy based on preferences for socio-economically disadvantaged applicants appears to hold promise for other colleges and universities with similar institutional and applicant characteristics. The ideas and research design reported in this paper are based on the doctoral dissertation study of the second author, Undergraduate Admissions Models Incorporating Socioeconomic Factors (Johnson, 2000).     

Models and Paradigms in Kuhn and Halloun

In Modeling Theory in Science Education, Halloun (2004) adopts the word ‘paradigm’, but his use of the term is radically different from that of Kuhn. In this paper, I explore some of the differences between Kuhn’s paradigms and Halloun’s paradigms. Where Kuhn’s paradigms are public, community-defining exemplars of practice, Halloun’s paradigms are private, individualized ways of thinking. Where Kuhn writes of the paradigm shift as a revolutionary, vision-altering conversion experience, Halloun writes of a gradual evolution from one way of thinking to another and an easy back-and-forth switch between paradigms. Since Kuhn’s paradigms are self-enclosed and incommensurable, there is no objective standard by which one paradigm can be shown to be superior to the other. But Halloun uses ‘viability’ as a standard for paradigm choice. Underlying all of this is the more basic question of whether the history of science is an appropriate metaphor for student progress in the classroom. I conclude with some brief thoughts on this question.     

Pedagogical Agents as Learning Companions: The Role of Agent Competency and Type of Interaction

This study was designed to examine the effects of the competency (low vs. high) and interaction type (proactive vs. responsive) of pedagogical agents as learning companions (PALs) on learning, self-efficacy, and attitudes. Participants were 72 undergraduates in an introductory computer-literacy course who were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: Low-Proactive, Low-Responsive, High-Proactive, and High-Responsive. Results indicated a main effect for PAL competency. Students who worked with the high-competency PAL in both proactive and responsive conditions achieved higher scores in applying what they had learned and showed more positive attitudes toward the PAL. However, students who worked with the low-competency PAL reported significantly enhanced self-efficacy beliefs in the learning tasks. Also, there was a main effect far PAL interaction type. A proactive PAL had a significantly positive impact on recall. These different results on learning and motivational outcomes suggest that the competency and interaction type of a PAL should be designed according to the desired learning and motivational goals.     

关于教育系在综合大学发展的若干问题思考

对综合大学教育系面临并急需要解决的地位、特色和功能三个问题进行了初步探讨，提出要真正提高教育系在综合大学中的地位，必须做到改革要到位、政策有保障、学术有位置；教育系要在综合大学得到生存和发展，就必须选择特色，设计特色，创造特色，保持特色，强化特色。综合大学教育系的特色应集中反映在培养模式、办学模式、教育研究等方面；综合大学教育系应充分利用综合大学多学科的优势，充分发挥辅助他系培养师资、培养职业技术教育和成人教育以及各种继续教育机械师资和教育管理干部、培养和培训各级各类学校所需的教育学科师资、影响学校实践、提供决策支持、影响社会、发展教育学术等功能。     

汉英句子扩展模式之对比研究及相关汉译英策略

翻译是一个比较差异、解决差异的过程,而句子是交际活动中的基本语言单位。现从句子层面对比分析英汉两种语言不同的句子扩展模式,即汉语的句首开放性与英语的句尾开放性,以及由此导致的不同句式特点,并探讨相关的汉译英策略。     

关于西部地区师范本科物理专业课程体系的探讨

高等师范教育本科物理专业培养目标必须通过课程体系来体现。在充分展现课程体系对实现专业培养目标的重要意义的基础上,该文从课程体系建设现状、发展方向、课程理论、师范本科物理专业的课程体系性质和特点等方面,探讨了区域性、师范性和应用性对欠发达地区师范本科物理教育专业课程体系的影响,提出了相应的课程结构和课程体系,并对相关问题进行了探讨。     

On-line estimation of concentration parameters in fermentation processes

INTRODUCTION Saccharomycete, closely linked with human life, is the only microbe that has been utilized to the extent of over a million tons in the world, and is one of the modelled biological bacteria mostly used in modern genetic engineering. Since there are no effective online instruments for measuring the production or resultant concentration, which is a very important quality index in fermentation process, soft sensors (Martin, 1997; Tham et al., 1991; Assis and Filho, 2000; Salgad…     

英语教学中思维能力的培养模式及其对教师的要求

英语思维在英语学习中占有重要地位,英语教学中的三种不同思维能力培养模式即自发思维能力培养模式、启发思维能力培养模式、合作思维能力培养模式,相互促进,相互联系。从不同思维能力培养的角度,对知识的传授者——教师也提出了不同的要求。