From Retrieval Status Values to Probabilities of Relevance for Advanced IR Applications

Information Retrieval systems typically sort the result with respect to document retrieval status values (RSV). According to the Probability Ranking Principle, this ranking ensures optimum retrieval quality if the RSVs are monotonously increasing with the probabilities of relevance (as e.g. for probabilistic IR models). However, advanced applications like filtering or distributed retrieval require estimates of the actual probability of relevance. The relationship between the RSV of a document and its probability of relevance can be described by a normalisation function which maps the retrieval status value onto the probability of relevance (mapping functions). In this paper, we explore the use of linear and logistic mapping functions for different retrieval methods. In a series of upper-bound experiments, we compare the approximation quality of the different mapping functions. We also investigate the effect on the resulting retrieval quality in distributed retrieval (only merging, without resource selection). These experiments show that good estimates of the actual probability of relevance can be achieved, and that the logistic model outperforms the linear one. Retrieval quality for distributed retrieval is only slightly improved by using the logistic function.     

Questions to assess learning as a communicative routine for inclusion

In the context of rapid policy transformation from segregation to inclusion in the education of children with special educational needs in Ireland, a study was conducted to investigate the interplay between policy and principles of inclusion, resource teachers' and class teachers' interpretations of this and the manner in which policy and principle is enacted in their practice. Based on nine resource teachers and nine class teachers each paired in a particular school, interviews to elicit teachers' interpretations combined with observations to document the detail of practice generated data from which nine case studies were crafted. Findings revealed that teachers' interpretations and constructions of inclusive practice are grounded in the central tenets of communicative routines, attunement and coherence‐fragmentation. As such, the pedagogical practices central to facilitating inclusion are as follows: teachers' use of questions to assess learning and mediated talk; transactional teaching–learning interactions contributing to transformational teaching‐learning episodes; and optimal interfacing of resource teachers and class teachers. This article, by Órla Ní Bhroin of St Patrick's College, Dublin City University, focuses on teachers' use of questioning to assess learning as a communicative routine for inclusion.     

Examining the Causal Relationships Among Selected Antecedents of Responsible Environmental Behavior

Abstract

Attitude models have been widely applied to natural resource management to ensure responsible environmental behavior. For a variety of applications, the causality among selected antecedents, such as knowledge of environmental issues, locus of control, attitude, personal responsibility, and intention to act on responsible environmental behavior has not yet been tested empirically. A hypothesized causal model based on Hine's (1986) model on responsible environmental behavior was developed. The data from 523 visitors to the urban forest trail in the Kwang-Reung Arboretum, Korea, during September 1995 were used for testing the suggested causal model. Path analysis using the LISREL program tested the model fit and statistical effects of variables. In terms of the effects on intention to act, locus of control and attitude are more important than knowledge and personal responsibility. Our findings suggest that in order to enhance responsible environmental behavior, environmental education and interpretation systems need to focus on changing the internal locus of control. Several recommendations, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.     

MRNS-9000型航海雷达模拟器船型编辑功能的开发

船舶操纵模拟器用于航道、港口开发已是当前先进而有效的手段。本文对“海河通航标准研究”课题在MRNS-9000型航海雷达模拟器上所进行的船型拟合工作作了概述,并提出了在航海雷达模拟器上拟合船舶数学模型时所采用的主要依据,即利用船舶操纵性标准、与在航船舶操纵行为密切相关的标准同船舶数学模型进行拟合。目前,此法已成功地用于“海河通航标准研究”这一课题中。同时,作者对船舶航行时受风力影响的问题也提出了看法。     

AI for Science：智能化科学设施变革基础研究

近年来，人工智能（AI）在前沿科技领域取得了诸如AlphaFold2、核聚变智能控制、新冠药物设计等诸多令人瞩目成果，表明AI for Science正在成为一种新的研究范式。实现智能时代的基础科学源头创新及其下游重大技术创新，需破解2个方面的核心问题：（1）如何利用新一代AI（特别是生成式AI及大模型）的通用性和创造性推动新范式的形成；（2）如何利用AI实现对传统科学设施的赋能与改造。文章提出一种智能化科学设施的建设构想，兼顾“高度智能化的科学新设施”和“AI赋能已有科学大设施”2个层面的需求，构筑AI for Science的科学设施体系，形成科学领域大模型、生成式模拟与反演、自主智能无人实验及大规模可信科研协作等创新功能，加速重大科学发现、变革性物质合成，以及重大工程技术应用。     

论运动看台文化

运动看台文化是一个新课题。在运动赛事过程中,观众形成一个特殊的临时群体,同竞技者发生双向关系,直接影响竞技体育的发展;这个群体有自己特殊的构成方式、心态和行为表现,这些构成一种特定的群体文化。本文对这种文化同运动竞技能力发展的关系、其历史发展过程、三种主要模式的特性以及我国看台文化的发展作了初步的探讨。     

绘制船舶碰撞运动轨迹的数学模型探讨

根据船舶碰撞事故调查及事故报告中可获得的环境资料和船舶运动过程资料，对建立适用于绘制船舶碰撞发生前运动轨迹的数学模型作了初步探讨。     

运用主体式教育思想培养学生田径训练能力的教学实验

在学生是学习主体的教育思想指导下，对田径（十项全能）教学与训练过程，进行教学对比实验。该实验从总体设计、具体要求、主要措施等方面确立了学生的主体性，使学生的自主性、独特性、能动性与创造性得到了较好的发展。实验证明：实验组学生的田径训练能力得到培养，制订与实施训练计划的能力得到发展，实现目标率和运动成绩得到提高。同时，丰富了田径运动的教学方法与手段，提高了田径教学与训练的质量     

大学英语课堂"和谐"教学活动模式

成功的大学英语教学离不开课堂活动,积极有益的课堂活动是"和谐"的。"和谐"的课堂教学活动有很多模式,其设计要遵循全体学生主动参与、愉悦交际和公平发展的原则。     

高校科技成果转化协同创新模式的广东探索与实践

结合国内成果转化的现状,分析高校成果转化工作存在的问题和制约因素,以高校在广东建设的新型科研机构为样本,探索科技成果转化的协同创新模式,实现成果转化链条上创新要素和资源有效衔接和深度融合,总结经验,为推动高校科技成果有效转化提供有益的借鉴。