面向现代篮球战术发展构造篮球进攻战术体系

建立和运用较为完整的进攻战术体系是当前篮球运动战术发展的趋势 ,是争取最佳比赛效果的必由之路。分析了篮球战术发展的历史和现状 ,提出了篮球进攻战术体系的进攻配合形式组成要素 ,以及如何处理各战术要素之间的关系、方法与要求。     

中国男子排球队接发球阵式的探讨

由于新规则的实行 ,中国男子排球队的接发球阵式已不能适应快速发展的发球技术的需要。本文通过对中国男子排球队在 1999年世界杯男子排球赛的电视现场观察和技术统计 ,运用运动心理学和分析推理方法提出 :后排 4人的接发球阵式可以适应快速发展的发球技术的需要 ,提高接发球的到位率 :“4- 2”阵式配备可以做到后排 4人接发球 ,提高防反效果 ,同时不影响一攻的效果。     

中外优秀女子排球强队二号位进攻的研究

随着排球技战术打法的发展,世界女排强队对二号位的进攻日益重视,尤其是在强力接应战术的使用以后。研究结果显示：中外优秀女子排球强队二号位进攻占其总体进攻体的39%左右,得分占进攻总得分的41.77%左右;中外女排强队二号位进攻落点多处于对方场区的6区和9区,4区和7区之间;中国女排应该加强二号位进攻。     

精神力量在体育队伍中的地位和作用--浅谈中国奥运代表团的取胜法宝

在第27届奥运会上,中国体育代表团取得了举世瞩目的优异成绩.本文通过对取得这一成绩的深层次分析,向人们揭示了这样一个主题:政治思想工作是我们取胜的法宝.在当今时代的主旋律中它依然是统帅、是灵魂、是生命线,我们必须大力加强这一工作.     

Physiological and biomechanical responses between seated and standing positions during distance‑based uphill time trials in elite cyclists

Cyclists regularly change from a seated to a standing position when the gradient increases during uphill cycling. The aim of this study was to analyse the physiological and biomechanical responses between seated and standing positions during distance-based uphill time trials in elite cyclists. Thirteen elite cyclists completed two testing sessions that included an incremental-specific cycling test on a cycle ergometer to determine VO_2max and three distance-based uphill time trials in the field to determine physiological and biomechanical variables. The change from seated to standing position did not influence physiological variables. However, power output was increased by 12.6% in standing position when compared with seated position, whereas speed was similar between the two positions. That involved a significant increase in mechanical cost and tangential force (F_tang) on the pedal (+19% and +22.4%, respectively) and a decrease (?8%) in the pedalling cadence. Additionally, cyclists spent 22.4% of their time in the standing position during the climbing time trials. Our findings showed that cyclists alternated between seated and standing positions in order to maintain a constant speed by adjusting the balance between pedalling cadence and F_tang.     

Novel mathematical model to estimate ball impact force in soccer

To assess ball impact force during soccer kicking is important to quantify from both performance and chronic injury prevention perspectives. We aimed to verify the appropriateness of previous models used to estimate ball impact force and to propose an improved model to better capture the time history of ball impact force. A soccer ball was fired directly onto a force platform (10 kHz) at five realistic kicking ball velocities and ball behaviour was captured by a high-speed camera (5,000 Hz). The time history of ball impact force was estimated using three existing models and two new models. A new mathematical model that took into account a rapid change in ball surface area and heterogeneous ball deformation showed a distinctive advantage to estimate the peak forces and its occurrence times and to reproduce time history of ball impact forces more precisely, thereby reinforcing the possible mechanics of ‘footballer’s ankle’. Ball impact time was also systematically shortened when ball velocity increases in contrast to practical understanding for producing faster ball velocity, however, the aspect of ball contact time must be considered carefully from practical point of view.     

Sprint and jump performances do not determine the promotion to professional elite soccer in Spain, 1994–2012

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study are (a) to describe the evolution of neuromuscular performance over an 18 year period within a Spanish elite reserve team; (b) to check if there were any relation between the playing position and sprint and jump performances and (c) to look into the alleged impact of this factor on the top playing level attained by the soccer players. We considered the physical tests (5 m and 15 m sprint times and countermovement jump (CMJ) height) made by 235 players enrolled in the reserve team of the Club from 1994 to 2012 and the highest competitive-level they achieved: Spanish first (n = 39) and second divisions (n = 36) and semi-professional (n = 160). Furthermore, the players were classified according to their playing positions. The main findings were a very-likely/most-likely lower neuromuscular performance (ES = 0.48–0.68, small to moderate) in the last six-season term (2006–2012) than in the first term (1994–2000); possibly/very-likely lower performances in sprinting and CMJ (ES = 0.22–0.55, small) by central defenders (CDs) and midfielders than by other playing positions; very-likely better performances in sprinting and jumping by first and second divisions central defenders than by semi-professional central defenders (ES = 0.90–1.02, moderate). Sprint and jump performances are not a relevant physical parameter to promote to the top level of soccer in Spain except for one in six of the playing positions: CDs.     

男子排球高姿防守准备姿势的运动学分析

现代排球比赛中 ,低姿防守技术动作为高姿防守技术动作所替代。采用常速摄像方法 ,运用上海体育学院与复旦大学 (1994～ 1996 )联合研制的运动生物力学计算机辅助分析CAA与教学CAI系统进行解析。在实验室条件下 ,通过对复旦大学部分男子排球运动员后防时采取的高、低两种不同准备姿势 ,滚翻救球、侧向救球、脚踢球等不同的击球技术动作、向右移动过程的实测 ,并对其结果进行对比分析研究 ,探讨高姿防守准备姿势的适用条件 ,为正确指导该技术的训练工作提供可参考的理论依据。     

试论现代篮球中锋投篮技术

现代篮球中锋的投篮技术是一项强对抗的进攻组合技术。它是由抢位、接球和投篮组成的,它的运用主要体现在意识和抢位的对抗性、接球的攻击性和投篮的应变性     

篮球运动阵地进攻体系结构的再认识

阵地进攻,在篮球进攻整体系统中占有非常重要的地位,采用观察统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对篮球阵地进攻体系结构进行分析,研究表明:阵地进攻是由比赛队员的各种个体进攻,不同区域上2～3名队员之间的小组配合进攻,以及在这两者基础之上的全队整体战术进攻三方面共同构成的;三者之间是一种相互依赖、相互联系同时又相对独立的辩证关系;三者作为基本的组成要素,以它们之间的各种有机联系为基础,并以特定的结构构成一种具有整体功能的阵地进攻系统.