Exploring the potential rationale for the privatization of higher education in China

The last three decades have witnessed great social, political and economic change in China since the market reforms in the late 1970s. A market economy was adopted as a replacement to the planned economy in order to allocate resources more efficiently. Consequently, higher education in China has undergone dramatic reforms to adapt to this socio-economic transition. This paper adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining fieldwork data with documentary analysis, to investigate the rationales of privatization in Chinese universities. It starts by examining the conceptualization of privatization. This is followed by an introduction of the public/private mix in the higher education sector in China. It then turns to explore drivers of the higher education reforms. A key contribution of this paper therefore is a systematic examination of the causes and the aims of privatization identified in Western literature set in the context of radical change as seen in the Chinese context. Drawing to fieldwork data, this paper presents findings that stand in conflict with prior studies. This investigation of the implementation of the Chinese privatization reveals both common features shared with Western practice but also a special uniqueness. It concludes by arguing that the neo-liberal reforms in higher education in China is likely to be used as a contingency strategy to encourage private spending, rather than suggesting a paradigm shift in university governance.     

当代私营军事公司兴起的原因及影响

随着冷战的终结和全球化的深入发展,私营军事工业获得了迅猛发展。在冷战后局部战争和武装冲突中,私人军事公司扮演着越来越重要的角色。作为军事服务商业化的代表,它的兴起改变了国际政治和现代战争的许多规则。因此探讨私营军事公司兴起的原因及其影响具有重要的现实意义。     

教育民营化的背景及其限度

20世纪80年代以来,教育民营化风靡英美,短暂的20多年后又传遍了全球。公共选择理论、新公共管理理论与有限政府理论为教育民营化的诞生打下了坚实的理论基础,西方资本主义国家及其教育危机的现状直接催生了教育民营化。民营化不等同于完全市场化,教育民营化必须保持适当的限度。     

我国食品安全治理工具多元化的探索

近年来频繁发生的食品安全事件表明,单一的政府监管的模式已无法满足新形势下食品安全治理的需要,治理工具的多元化是解决我国食品安全问题的有效途径。我国各级食品安全职能部门正在引入并尝试使用新的治理工具,但受到各种因素的制约而进展缓慢。民营化、合同外包、社区治理、行业协会自治等效果较强的治理工具,急需重点研究并适时做出相机抉择。     

大众话语空间的建立与都市媒介文化的崛起——关于中国早期电台“民营热”问题的探讨与反思

中国早期广播电台的民营,既是大众媒介走向“现代性”的尝试,也是中国都市文化融入“世界性”的缩影。在传媒产业化、资本化的今天,对于中国早期电台民营化研究与反思,有着非常重要的价值与意义。     

开放经济中的国有企业民营化--各方参与主体的策略博弈分析

结合我国加入WTO后市场开放和国有企业产权改革的现实背景，研究了产品市场开放中的国有企业民营化问题，探讨了政府、国内企业和跨国公司等各方参与主体的策略博弈，分析了转移定价、民营化水平以及技术创新等因素的变化对企业产出和利润的影响。最后给出了本文结论所蕴涵的政策含义。     

台湾地区银行民营化的"法律"历程及对大陆的借鉴意义

台湾地区进入20世纪80年代,经济迅速成长促使台湾当局作出金融自由化的决策,外部环境的变化也使得台湾当局加快了银行民营化改革步伐.在经过了长时期的争论后,1989年新"银行法"在开放民营银行自由的思想指导下,修正相关条款作为开放民营银行自由的依据,由此台湾地区银行开始了循序渐进的民营化过程.台湾地区银行民营化过程中"法律"的得失成败值得我们借鉴.     

西班牙高等教育私有化分析

在过去的30年中，西班牙的高等教育经历了许多变化。在1983年，由于人们对私立大学的合法性的认可开始了高等教育的竞争状态。1998年以来，由于学生人数的减少以及人们对高等教育需求的下降，进一步推进了高等教育的改革。2001年，西班牙政府颁布了一项新制度以推动公立大学的市场化行为和私有化运行。尽管目前来评价这些变化的作用可能为时尚早，因为大学公共资金拨付制度仍保留不变，而这是今后需要调整的关键问题，这样才能为高等教育提供真正的竞争条件。虽然市场已经进入到西班牙高等教育领域中，但是公立大学源源不尽的公共资金将是阻止一个真正公平竞争的市场形成的一股巨大的力量。     

‘Philanthropizing’ consent: how a private foundation pushed through national learning standards in Brazil

ABSTRACT

This article explores how the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (National Learning Standards), entered the policy debate in Brazil and became the most important reform initiative of the Ministry of Education between 2015 and 2017. We argue that this accelerated policy process was contingent upon the practice of philanthropizing consent: foundations’ use of material resources, knowledge production, media power, and informal and formal networks to garner the consent of multiple social and institutional actors to support a public policy. In other words, these foundations do not impose policies on governments; rather, they ‘render technical’ high-stakes political debates on pressing issues of educational equity and then influence state officials’ consensus about which policies to adopt. We argue that this philanthropic influence is not simply a neoliberal, profit-maximizing scheme; rather, it is an attempt by foundation and corporate leaders to garner power and influence on different scales, and re-make public education in their own image. Although this educational policy game is in many ways participatory and widely accepted, foundations are only able to play this role due to their tremendous economic power, a direct product of the unequal global political economy, and the systematic defunding of the public sphere.     

从民办教育的发展看未来的公共教育体制

我国自从1985年下发《关于教育体制改革的决定》以来,有关教育体制改革的话题愈演愈烈,近年来随着市场经济体制的发展,其中的相关元素逐渐引入到教育领域,这种变化使传统的公共教育体制也受到了前所未有的挑战,重构我国公共教育体制的问题自然被提到了日程上来。本文透视了当代公共教育中民办教育逐步发展的新现象,阐明民办教育存在的必然性和意义,并进一步分析民办教育发展所带来的新的影响。