Self‐efficacy of prospective Austrian and German primary school teachers regarding the implementation of inclusive education

This study examined the psychometric properties of the German version of the Teacher Inclusive Education Self‐Efficacy Scale (TIESES). Five hundred and nineteen teacher education students from Austria and 765 teacher education students from Germany participated in the study. Results of a multiple‐group confirmatory factor analysis (for the two countries) confirmed a single factor structure of the scale with partial scalar measurement invariance. Regression analysis showed that self‐efficacy when implementing inclusive education was explained by the motivation to deal with inclusive education during their studies, previous experience with inclusive education in internships, study interest and the country in which the students went to university.     

The influence of formal and informal formative pre‐service experiences on teacher self‐efficacy

Formal pre‐service training has been shown to be effective in building teacher self‐efficacy beliefs. However, the impact of other, less formal, ‘teacher‐like’ pre‐service experiences on the formation of efficacy beliefs has not previously been investigated. This study examines the associations between both formal and informal formative pre‐service experiences and teacher self‐efficacy. In addition, the effect of years of teaching experience on these associations was investigated. Three hundred fifteen teachers of general and Judaic studies in Jewish day schools in the USA responded to a survey about their formal pre‐service experiences; informal experiences as youth advisors, camp counsellors and childcare supervisors; and two measures of teacher self‐efficacy. Formal pre‐service training and positive student‐teaching experiences, as well as each of the three informal experiences, were found to be associated with positive teacher self‐efficacy. Interestingly, formal and informal pre‐service experiences appear to be associated with different aspects of teacher self‐efficacy. Formal teacher training was most strongly associated with efficacy for instructional practices, while the positive informal experiences were most strongly associated with efficacy for student engagement. The potential impact of both formal and informal experiences did not appear to fade over time. On the contrary, for those variables where an interaction with years of teaching was detected, it was the efficacy beliefs of the most senior teachers that were most related to their pre‐service experiences. These findings have important implications for the practice of both teacher trainers and those charged with recruiting and supporting teachers.     

文献资源共享效益馆藏化评估研究

图书馆文献资源共享评估应从知晓型评估转为应用型评估,即对图书馆文献资源共享的效益进行评估。以文献资源共享深度与广度较高的大学园区为研究对象,将高校图书馆无障碍共享的他校文献资源列入评估范围,通过馆藏化计算可以得出共享成员馆的馆藏数量,进而得出图书馆文献资源共享效益。通过该计算方法所得的结果能够为共享体系成员馆馆藏资源建设提供参考。     

以功效为切入点开展中药学教学的体会

中药学知识零碎、涉及面广、不易学习和掌握。而中药功效在中药理论中居于关键地位,它是联系药性与主治的桥梁与纽带。很多中药的四气五味、升降浮沉、临床应用等,几乎都可以从功效中体现出来。因此,教师可以通过重点分析和教授中药功效,并以此作为切入点,进行中药学学科的教学,以达到更快速、系统、牢固的学习记忆。     

小学教师心理契约与个人教学效能感研究

为探讨小学教师心理契约和个人教学效能感之间的关系,以甘肃省张掖市的220名小学教师为被试,采用《教师心理契约量表》和《中小学教师个人教学效能感量表》进行了调查。结果表明:心理契约在性别、受教育程度上没有显著性差异(p0.05),但在年龄、教龄、学校所在地3个变量上存在差异(p0.05)。个人教学效能感在性别、年龄、职务、学校所在地上没有差异(p0.05),在受教育程度、教龄职称上有差异(p0.05)。心理契约与个人教学效能感之间呈显著正相关,学校现实责任与教学策略、课堂管理呈正相关,和激励学生无显著相关;教师现实责任与课堂管理之间无显著相关,但是与教学策略激励学生之间具有显著正相关;教师发展责任在教学策略、课堂管理、激励学生三个维度上存在正相关,其中在教学策略、课堂管理的维度上相关很显著。     

用电影文本提高大学生挫折应对效能的研究

目的:为了促进和提高大学生耐挫能力,增强大学生的挫折应对效能。方法:以电影文本为媒介,整合心理治疗理论"再决定说"、"归因理论"、"情绪ABC"理论引导学生对脚本进行分析和分享,并在课前与课后施测《应对效能问卷》并对施测结果做统计显著性检验。结果:借助电影文本的形式开展大学生挫折应对效能的干预是有效的,主要通过对提高大学生应对挫折时的胜任力和认知水平起作用的。电影可以作为提高大学生挫折应对效能的工具。     

Teachers’ resilience and well-being: a role for educational psychology

The retention and resilience of teachers are subject to many influences. Children’s behaviour is often cited as a major source of stress for teachers and a challenge to their resilience. We suggest that an understanding of teachers’ attributions and efficacy beliefs may provide the foundations for work to support teachers. We outline findings from research that has examined teachers’ attributions for the causes of children’s misbehaviour, teachers’ beliefs in their efficacy as classroom managers of children’s behaviour as well as how, in principle, such beliefs may be supported and enhanced. We also relate these findings to those associated with educational and developmental outcomes for children. We conclude with some illustrative evidence of ways (involving consultation and other interventions) that applied psychologists have contributed to the professional well-being and resilience of teachers.     

社会主义核心价值观教育与大学生责任意识的提升

社会主义核心价值观教育作为新形势下大学生思想政治教育的重要内容,本文概括了大学生责任意识的基本内涵,探讨了责任意识对大学生实现自我价值的作用,在分析当前大学生责任意识淡薄的表现和成因的基础上,从知、情、行三个方面,提出了基于责任意识教育的大学生核心价值体系教育途径。     

大学一年级经济困难生适应性调查研究——以沈阳航空航天大学调查与研究为例

调查显示经济困难生在入校半年中能够适应大学生活,但是对未来的学业生活充满担心;他们努力学习,但是没有没找到正确的方法;他们愿意结交朋友,但是交际人群十分单一;他们感受幸福,但是缺乏奋斗动力,理想信念缺失。这些特征为经济困难生的助困工作提供了一些启示。     

Inclusion of preschool children with autism in Sweden: attitudes and perceived efficacy of preschool teachers

This pilot study examined the relations among preschool teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion of children with autism and perceived self‐efficacy, as well as demographic characteristics such as teachers' work experience and educational background. The cohort consisted of 21 participants who had degrees in preschool education and worked with children with autism in general preschool/kindergarten settings in central Sweden. Data were collected using the Autism Attitude Scale for Teachers, the Teacher Efficacy Scale and a demographic survey. In general, findings revealed that preschool teachers held positive attitudes towards children with autism, and this was significantly related to the number of credits in special education taken during pre‐service education. However, teachers showed neutral attitudes towards the inclusion of children with autism into general preschool classrooms. No relations were found between teachers' perceived self‐efficacy and attitudes towards inclusion, although a relationship was found between participation in in‐service training and efficacy to make decisions. Implications concerning early childhood education professional development and supervision are discussed.