Application of network meta-analysis in the field of physical activity and health promotion

Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.     

成人教育研究的反思与前瞻

反思与前瞻,为成人教育研究确定了新的研究纲领:回归丰富的成人生活世界、走进缤纷的成人精神家园。无论是对成人教育一般研究活动而言,还是对成人教育学科建设而言,执行这一纲领,是成人教育未来发展应采取的基本态度和首要的方法论选择。执行这一纲领,必须采取新的研究行动:解析成人群体结构、关怀成人生存境遇、解读成人学习行为、构建教育支持系统。     

图书馆试用电子资源有效利用研究

文章论述了试用电子资源对于图书馆的意义，并对如何有效利用试用电子资源特别是过期外文数据库的再利用做了探讨性思考。     

基于Zelen设计的网络用户信息检索行为实验方案与评估

在介绍并评价当前主要检索行为实验方法的基础上，引入美国Marvin Zelen 教授的Zelen设计，综合已有检索行为实验方法的优缺点给出应用于网络用户信息检索行 为实验的改进Zelen实验设计方案。最后，文章从实验对无关变量控制的规范化评价、实 验方法的规范化评价、实验内在效度评价和实验外在效度评价4个方面对这一实验方案进 行了评估。     

从国际大众体育发展趋势展望我国全民健身计划的发展前景

从国际大众体育兴起的社会背景论述体育在现代社会中的作用。运用大量最新信息,列举国际大众体育的8大发展趋势,从而为我国开展全民健身提供经验和例证。介绍了我国全民健身计划的背景与特点之后,提出以下结论:中国全民健身计划的实施对第三世界有示范作用,它标志中国改革开放和现代化建设进入一个新阶段,表明中国体育正朝着协调发展的方向努力。但与发达国家相比,实现全民健身计划还有不少问题,我们必须付出很大的努力。     

法院直接变更指控问题之比较法考察

英美法系和大陆法系由于所奉行诉讼模式和理念的区别,在法院变更指控问题上有着不同的倾向性。对于审判与控诉的关系处理,大陆法系采＂公诉事实同一＂原则,英美法系则实行＂诉因制度＂,各国各地区具体的法院变更指控制度也各不相同。     

我国知识产权审判制度检视与反思——以知识产权“三审合一”审判改革为视角

自主创新是一国发展战略的核心,而科技创新有赖于知识产权的司法保护。当前日本等国纷纷设立专门的知识产权法院,我国各地法院亦启动知识产权三审合一审判模式尝试。无论从效率与法律信仰的内在要求还是知识产权审判层面的现状考量,知识产权三审合一模式均优于三审分立。但现今的三审合一模式仍无力杜绝同案不同判及诉讼延滞等弊病,因此进一步深化改革,成立专利法院、培养复合型法官、调整诉讼顺序势在必行。     

基层法院民事审判权的解构

民事审判权是法院对民事案件进行审理,并作出裁判的权力,担负着解决平等主体之间纠纷的功能,主要包括审理权和裁判权两个方面。在基层法院的民事案件审判工作中,可以发现,民事审判权发挥出不同的作用,尤其是调解、简易程序等方面,有其优势但也暴露出种种缺陷。因此,分析基层法院的民事审判权并提出相关建议显得很有必要。     

后控词表研究及统计分析

在分析了后控词表的历史、发展、原理、功能后，比较了情报检索过程中有后控词表进行检索和无后控词表进行检索的区别，最后统计分析了我国后按词表的研究现状。