Do generations differ in sports participation and physical activity over the life course? Evidence from multiple datasets

ABSTRACT

Generational differences in health-related factors will affect forecasts of future disease patterns and health care needs. We studied whether participation in sports activity and being physically active are different between 10-year generations over a part of their life course. We used three different datasets on Dutch adults: a cohort study running for 20 years, the Doetinchem Cohort Study (DCS), multiple yearly databases (2001–2015) from the Netherlands health interview study (HIS), and a retrospective cohort study on life time sports careers, the Sports Participation Monitor (SPM). Based on a different questionnaire in each study, frequencies of weekly sport participation and being physically active according to recommended levels were determined by generation and sex. All data sets showed that self-reported sport participation has been increasing with every 10-year generation already for many decades. Especially for those generations born in the 1930s up to the 1960s, sport participation is higher compared to their predecessors. For instance at age 50, 43% of those born in the 1940s engaged in sports activities compared to 55% of those born in the 1950s (DCS data). Physical activity according to recommended levels showed no systematic differences by generation.

In conclusion, favourable generation-specific trends in participation in sports activities are found: recent generations are doing better than the older generations. It is unclear whether this also reflects higher levels of physical activity or lower levels of inactivity. Future research may reveal whether these developments also hold for other countries, and whether these developments continue for the younger generations.     

基于“3414”水稻氮磷钾优化配施试验

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制绳钢丝用盘条SWRH82A的冶炼及轧制工艺研究

介绍了武钢钢丝绳用SWRH82A盘条的试制开发过程:采用氧气顶底复吹转炉和钢包吹氩搅拌工艺炼钢,应用先进的炉外精炼技术来改善夹杂物,制定合理的加热、轧制及控冷工艺。用户使用结果证明武钢SWRH82A盘条完全可以顶替进口盘条制作制绳钢丝,取得了良好社会效益。     

PBL教学法在分析化学教学中的尝试

介绍了PBL教学法,阐述了PBL教学法在分析化学教学中的尝试过程,讨论了实施PBL教学法过程中存在的问题及对策.     

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乡村司法总是处于一定的社会结构中,特定的社会结构决定了乡村司法的运作模式、形态。通过对社会结构的把握,可以有效地解释并预测人民法庭的运作行为。乡村司法的社会结构包括人民法庭所处的各种关系网络,案件本身的性质、类型,当事人双方的力量对比等。这些因素互相交织,使得法庭诉讼构造呈现出一个倒立的伞状结构。最大限度地限制该诉讼构造出现,则必须从乡村司法的社会结构中寻找突破口。     

对数平均温差中试差法计算

传热操作型计算中,常遇到对数平均温差的试差计算以确定流体的某一个温度。教材中没有讲解如何计算,学生普遍反映不知从哪儿开始进行试差。该研究从试差法的计算步骤和试差范围的确定方法来讲解计算技巧,以便学生掌握和供同行参考。     

职前教师对数列极限概念的理解研究

APOS理论是一种建构主义的数学学习理论,它强调学生在建构数学概念时要经历操作、过程、对象和图式阶段.职前教师在数列极限概念的建构中基本达到了前3个阶段,图式阶段仍需大幅度提高.本科生和专升本学生存在显著差异.职前教育应加强数学专业课程的教学,加强对中学数学教学内容的深层理解。     

High-stakes examination preparation that controls teaching: Chinese prospective teachers’ conceptions of excellent teaching and assessment

How prospective teachers conceive of teaching excellence and assessment purposes probably influences how teaching and assessment practices are implemented in the future. This study evaluated, in four ‘normal universities’ in the People’s Republic of China, 765 prospective teachers’ responses to two self-report instruments regarding the nature of excellent teaching and the purpose of assessment. Both questionnaires had previously been developed in Mandarin Chinese and validated with large samples of practicing teachers in China. The original models could not be recovered and with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis alternative models were found. Excellent teaching was conceived as four inter-correlated factors (i.e. Professional, Model, Examination and Life-long), as also were the purposes of assessment (i.e. Diagnose and Formative, Irrelevant, Control and Life Character). Structural equation modelling showed that the strongest relationship between teaching excellence and assessment began with the examination factor which positively predicted assessment as Irrelevant and for Life Character development and negatively the Diagnose and Formative purpose. Results are consistent with the high-stakes examination system of China and the status of prospective teachers who have only recently stopped being students.     

人身损害规定与审判实践

2003年12月4日,最高人民法院审判委员会第1299次会议通过了《最高人民法院关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称《解释》),该解释于2004年5月1日起施行。     

蒙特卡罗方法在数学建模中的应用

蒙特卡罗方法是一个以概率模型为基础,利用计算机通过多次反复模拟实验完成问题求解的一种数值计算方法。它特别适用于用传统的解析法难以解决甚至是无法解决的问题。文章主要介绍蒙特卡罗方法及基本原理,并通过实例说明蒙特卡罗方法在数学建模中的应用。