Visual function,performance, and processing of basketball players vs. sedentary individuals

BackgroundAthletes tend to have better visuo-motor performance than do sedentary individuals. However, several basic visual-function and perceptual parameters remain unexplored to date. In this study, we investigated whether differences exist in visual function, performance, and processing between basketball players and individuals without a sport-involvement background.MethodsA total of 33 healthy men with no visual impairment or pathology were divided into 2 groups, depending on the involvement in sport (semi-professional basketball players and sedentary individuals). We tested their baseline heart-rate variability in the resting position apart from subjective questionnaires to determine their physical fitness level, and we checked their visual function, performance, and processing through an extended battery of optometric tests.ResultsThe 2 groups differed in resting heart-rate variability parameters (p < 0.001), confirming their dissimilarities in regular time practising sports per week. The basketball players showed a closer breakpoint and recovery nearpoint of convergence, a higher fusional-vergence rate, better discriminability halos, and better eye–hand coordination (all p values < 0.05).ConclusionThese results show evidence that athletes, basketball players in this case, exhibit better performance in several visual abilities in comparison to a group of individuals without sporting backgrounds, suggesting an improvement due to the systematic involvement of those skills during basketball practice.     

对“2008年邯郸太极拳大会”推手教练员的调查分析

教练员不仅是运动训练的设计师和训练效果的检验者,同时还是运动队伍的管理者,因此教练员队伍的整体水平对该项运动的发展起着非常关键的作用。文章通过问卷调查发现,我国竞技太极推手教练员的整体队伍大致呈现以下特征：执教年限偏短;高等级教练员比例较小;学历层次不高;继续教育参与较少和实战经验不足等。     

运动记忆规律在游泳教学中的运用策略

针对游泳教学的特点在技术学习的泛化、分化、巩固和自动化过程采用不同的策略,对提高游泳教学效率、提高学生的游泳能力起到重要的作用。     

高职院校突出职业能力的“课内外一体化”体育教学模式研究

体育教学是高等职业院校教学活动的重要组成部分,高等职业院校的主要培养目标是突出职业能力,体育教学模式也应与专业人才的培养目标相适应。本文论述了高职院校体育教学突出职业能力培养的必要性及"课内外一体化"体育教学模式的特点,在分析、梳理的基础上,探索构建与高等职业教育相适应的"课内外一体化"体育教学模式。希望为"课内外一体化"体育教学模式在高职院校的应用提供参考。     

普通高校乒乓球课学生击球稳定性的影响因素

对普通高校乒乓球课影响学生击球稳定性的众多因素进行多维分析,结果表明:影响学生击球稳定性的主要因子是:动作结构因子、旋转理解因子、发力方式因子、外在客观因子,并据此提出了提高学生击球的稳定性,有利于激发学生学习的积极性,从而提高教学效率。     

试析新课标下中小学体育师资培养

2001年中小学体育课新课标实施,随即中小学学生体质健康标准(试行方案)公布,这对中小学体育师资力量提出了新要求。面对体育师范院(系)体育师资培养中存在的一些问题,如指导纲要、教育观念、教学观念、教材教法等方面,培养与需要这两者间存在差距,即体育师范院系师资培养与中小学新课标实施所需体育教师素质之间的差距。只有分析这些差距,才能找出缩小差距的方法。     

竞技武术套路运动的国际现状分析——兼论中国竞技武术套路运动发展对策

武术运动作为除奥运会以外世界各大体育赛事的正式比赛项目,已被越来越多的国家和地区所重视。同时,随着国际赛事的频繁举行,竞技武术套路运动在国内外也得到了迅速的发展。研究和分析近两届世界武术锦标赛,在对武术运动国际化发展持乐观态度的同时,分析竞技武术运动的国际环境,提出保持和进一步发展竞技武术套路运动优势的对策和措施。     

Offside decision making of assistant referees in the English Premier League: Impact of physical and perceptual-cognitive factors on match performance

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the accuracy of offside judgements of assistant referees in the English Premier League. The moment in the match, the position and movement speed of the assistant referee, attacker and second-last defender, together with the angle of view for the assistant referee were all considered to underlie incorrect decisions. The error rate was 17.5% (868 of 4960 situations). As the English assistant referees tended not to signal in doubtful situations (c = 0.91), there was an overall bias towards non-flag errors (773 non-flag errors vs. 95 flag errors). The flash-lag hypothesis could explain all flag errors, whereas the optical-error hypothesis could explain a proportion of the non-flag errors (45.4%). Fatigue, movement speed, and angle of view did not have a detrimental effect on offside decision making. In conclusion, there were fewer flag errors than in the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups, whereas the number of non-flag errors rose. The increased awareness of factors involved in offside decision making and the instructions to give the benefit of the doubt to attackers could have contributed to this situation.     

初中学生冰上运动安全知识、技能实验干预研究

运用知识讲座、宣传手册、知识竞赛等方式对初一被试学生进行冰上运动安全实验干预,使用自编问卷评估实验前后被试学生冰上运动安全知识技能掌握情况,使用SPSS17．0对获得数据进行自身对照T检验。结果表明：学生通过知识讲座、技能培训、安全手册学习和知识竞赛等干预形式掌握了冰上运动安全知识、安全防护技能和运动损伤急救知识,说明实验干预内容、方法有效可行。     

射击心理训练与发挥

射击运动员技术水平的提高是一个方面,更重要的是与比赛发挥相关联的心理能力的训练和提高。只有技术训练水平而没有发挥高水平的良好的心理能力作保证,其竞技能力永远是低下的。因此,心理技能是发挥的重要因素,因而运动竞赛的心理训练应得到非常的重视。