关于基础教育改革“政府推动模式”的几个问题

根据主导控制改革的主体不同,基础教育改革的模式分为政府推动模式、专家倡导模式和教师自觉模式三种。改革的政府推动模式是政府运用政策手段"自上而下"推动改革的展开,处理得好,可以迅速、全面、有效地解决现实中的问题,实现改革的目标;处理得不好,则会导致对理论和现实的全面性关照不够、相关参与人员对改革被动应对、行政指令对改革的规约过多过细等问题。运用基础教育改革的政府推动模式时,应该重视改革内容的现实性,强化政策制定的科学性,遵循政策实施的渐进性,明确政府权力的有限性。     

下腹部预扩张皮瓣治疗手部烫、烧伤后疤痕挛缩畸形12例临床分析

目的：探讨下腹部预扩张皮瓣治疗手部烫烧伤后疤痕挛缩畸形的临床效果。方法：2007年10月至2011年6月应用下腹部预扩张皮瓣治疗手部烫烧伤后疤痕挛缩畸形12例。结果：功能矫正满意,疤痕切除完整,随访半年无疤痕增生及挛缩出现。结论：下腹部预扩张皮瓣治疗手部烫、烧伤后疤痕挛缩畸形是一种远期效果肯定的手术方法。     

乐器演奏的通用技法和借鉴

很多乐器的演奏方法都有着极其相似之处,尤其是手型、指法、调音等,相通之处更多。因此,总结出部分乐器演奏的通用技法,让乐器学习者可以举一反三、触类旁通,而不是拘泥于“术业有专攻”的限制,这样就可以在有限的时间内、用有限的精力对乐器种类有更为广泛的接触和学习,从而借鉴演奏方法上的相通之处和相互联系,进一步推动对这些乐器更好地了解、传承、突破及灵活运用。     

Age and Sex Differences in Controlled Force Exertion Measured by a Computing Bar Chart Target-Pursuit System

This study aimed to examine the age and sex differences in controlled force exertion measured by the bar chart display in 207 males (age 42.1 ± 19.8 years) and 249 females (age 41.7 ± 19.1 years) aged 15 to 86 years. The subjects matched their submaximal grip strength to changing demand values, which appeared as a moving bar chart on the display of a personal computer. The subjects performed the controlled force exertion test using the dominant hand three times with 1-min intervals (one trial was 40 sec) after one practice trial. A total of the differences between the demand value and the grip exertion value for 25 sec was used as the evaluation parameter. The errors in controlled force exertion showed a right-skewed distribution in both sexes but showed a normal distribution after logarithmic transformation (males, W = .06; females, W = .74; p > .05). In addition, the errors in controlled force exertion tended to increase constantly with age in both sexes. Significant linear regressions were identified (r ² _males = .88, r ² _females = .81), but there was no significant difference in the increase rate of both sexes. The results of the analysis of variance and multiple comparisons showed insignificant sex differences among means, except for those in individuals older than 70 years; significant differences between means in the older than 40-year-old age group and the 20-year-old age group were found in both sexes. Individual differences were almost the same in both sexes (CV_males = 20.0～34.8, CV_females = 17.7～36.2). Errors in controlled force exertion showed a nonsignificant sex difference and increased gradually with age in both sexes but increased remarkably with age after 40 years of age.     

The effect of perceived streakiness on the shot-taking behaviour of basketball players

Abstract

We examine behavioural changes of basketball players arising from the hot-hand belief and use data of 1216 National Basketball Association games to measure the effect of cold and hot streaks on three proxies of shot difficulty. We find that the more consecutive shots players make (miss), the more difficult (easier) shots become along the three dimensions. Furthermore, most players' performance seems to improve during hot streaks because they attempt more difficult shots while no significant decrease in shooting accuracy takes place. This might explain why most previous studies could not find empirical evidence for the hot-hand belief in basketball when considering in-game field goal shooting.     

Physical structure of winter sports athletes

A review of the results concerning the body size, growth, maturation, shape, composition, and strength of ice hockey players, cross‐country skiers, alpine skiers, ski jumpers and Nordic combined skiers is presented. The comparisons of the results in body height, weight, somatotypes, percent fat, LBM and hand grip from various authors are made. Also the differences between ice hockey players and skiers of all disciplines are shown. The review covers all the available results. It may be concluded that the elite athletes in each studied sport form a highly select group which has, from the biomechanical point of view, the best physical structure for their sport discipline.     

表象训练运用于"行进间单手肩上投篮"教学的实验研究

运用表象训练进行实验研究,并列出了具体的教学方案。结果表明：实验班的学生行进问单手肩上投篮的成绩显著好于对照班。     

单手肩上投篮稳定性的生物力学分析

运用多种方法,对单手肩上投篮动作的稳定性进行生物力学分析,通过分析表明为了提高单手肩上投篮的准确性,应加强体育教学的规范性,使投篮技术动作正确、合理、协调、稳定.     

浅析"亲自"与"亲手"

“亲自”“亲手”由于语义、句法等方面有相似之处,因此在留学生使用时会出现偏误。针对这种现象,文章试图从语义、句法及语用等方面对二者的差异进行比较分析。     

浅谈财会手工模拟实验教学

本文就财会专业手工模拟实验教学的指导内容进行了探讨,提出了在对学生专业实践技能训练的同时,还应大力加强诚信品格、创新精神以及法律意识的培养。