Triple jeopardy: special education for Palestinians in Israel

Research comparing special education for Jews and for Palestinian Arabs in Israel outlines major inequalities. This situation has remained largely unchanged for decades and there is little evidential reason to believe there will be improvement in the near future. Palestinian children requiring special education are adversely affected by a combination of institutionalised discrimination and neglect and the implications of living in a traditional society that is reluctant to adopt outlooks necessary for modernising education, particularly for children with special needs. To the best of our knowledge, no overview of special education for the Palestinian minority in Israel has been published in English to date. While change is most likely to occur as a result of effective activism within the Palestinian Arab community, high rates of poverty and political marginalisation remain a daunting obstacle.     

Actions for sociopolitical consciousness in a high school science class: A case study of ninth grade class with predominantly indigenous students

This case study explores how a group of Grade 9 students engaged in sociopolitical discourses and actions in a science class in a mostly indigenous student school in Nepal. The study used sociopolitical consciousness (SPC) as a framework to document and understand indigenous students’ SPC-oriented science interactions and subsequent social change actions. We used ethnographic methods of data collection over 6 months. The study focused on the actions of 4 girls and 2 boys belonging to the indigenous Tharu group. Data were analyzed using iterative qualitative methods. The study findings show that students are capable of engaging in critical thinking, critical reflecting, and taking actions for social change. Additionally, students are competent to link their experiences with social, structural, and political discrimination to the relevant science content they learn. The study presents four thematic findings related to SPC and science teaching and learning: Fostering social justice awareness in science class, fostering structural understanding of inequities in sickle cell disease, fostering sociopolitical actions for sickle cell disease, and the teacher's activist pedagogy for SPC in science learning. Implications of the study are that culturally relevant pedagogy helps indigenous students to become sociopolitically more aware of the links between science and social change. Adding aspects of critical pedagogies in science teaching could encourage students to become more sociopolitically reflective about science learning.     

Psychological responses to reservation-based discrimination: A qualitative study of socially marginalized youth at a premier Indian university

Given the history of caste politics in India, it is not surprising that the socially marginalized students face discrimination, especially after the introduction of the reservation policy (affirmative action) in educational institutes. Our qualitative study, informed by Meyer’s Minority Stress model, analysed in-depth interviews with 30 undergraduate students, 3 faculty members, and 4 administrative officials at a premier Indian university to examine the psychological wellbeing of the reserved category students. We analysed how the discrimination processes contributed to students’ poor academic performance, low self-esteem, and weak motivation. Student group affiliations and university resources created a supportive environment for the socially marginalized, despite a small risk of stigmatization due to enrolment in a few campus support-programs. Moreover, there existed a palpable frustration among the socially privileged students, resulting in discriminatory attitudes against reserved categories but not “lower” caste. Our findings call for the attention of college administrators, policymakers, and the society at large to ensure that well-intended social justice policies are efficiently implemented, to deliver justice to the underprivileged students of India.     

对传统性别歧视教育依据的首次解构

性别歧视教育实施的根据是男优女劣天生论和才智有损女德论。戊戌妇女运动对其中国版本男智女愚天生论和“女子无才便是德”进行了与西方早期女权运动同样的批判,指出男智女愚并非天生而是后天性别歧视教育所塑成,亦可通过改变教育来改变;女性必须通过正规教育增长才识,才能具备道德能力。其批判首次动摇了传统性别歧视教育的基础,成为中国争取教育性别公平的开端,亦说明至少中西早期妇女运动的水平不分轩轾,西方学术界茏统地认为中国妇女运动远比西方落后是偏见。     

用相关性原则甄别科技论文中的数据错误

数据图表等是科技论文的基石,但因作者经验、时间、不严谨等原因而导致错误时有发生,对论文学术质量造成了影响。编辑运用科技编辑方法论中的相关性原则,凭借丰富的经验和直觉可以发现并改正此类错误。     

张籍诗重出补辨二则

张籍现存450余首诗中有30多首重出于他人诗集,对于这些"重出"诗,佟培基《张籍诗重出甄辨》已作比较深入地考辨,本文就佟文未考定的、证据不足的两首重出诗作补充甄辨。认为《送李评事游越》确为张籍之作;《赠项斯》为王建之作,题应为"寄贾岛"。     

种族和解与诗学对话——论印尼文、华文双语诗集《印度尼西亚的轰鸣》

出版于2000年的印尼文、华文双语诗集《印度尼西亚的轰鸣》是印尼华文文学的重大事件,它体现了印尼种族问题的深刻变化,也是印尼文和华文两种语言的诗歌进行诗学对话和文化互文的独特文本。印尼原住民诗人和华文诗人通过关于种族问题的历史反思,表达了种族和解和文化融合的愿望,从而展开了印华诗学的对话。     

歧视女性的汉语称谓词语

汉语称谓词语反映了严重的女性歧视。文章从男性中心制的亲属称谓,贬女称谓词和尊男称谓词三个方面比较全面的整理了反映女性歧视的汉语称谓词语,以期促进新时期男女平等。     

The “None of the Above” Option in Multiple-Choice Testing: An Experimental Study

The authors assessed the effects of using “none of the above” as an option in a 40-item, general-knowledge multiple-choice test administered to undergraduate students. Examinees who selected “none of the above” were given an incentive to write the correct answer to the question posed. Using “none of the above” as the keyed option made items much more difficult (d = ?1.11). Furthermore, 45% of the time that examinees correctly selected “none of the above,” they wrote either a wrong answer (19%) or no answer (26%), and rescoring items to deny credit in these cases caused item discrimination to fall (d = ?0.35). Thus, when “none of the above” is the keyed option, credit earned by examinees with knowledge deficiencies can make items appear to have more discriminatory power than is actually the case. The authors recommend that “none of the above” should not be used as an option in multiple-choice items.     

汉语中的性别歧视

语言是人类最重要的交际工具,它与社会生活联系十分紧密。人类的认识成果、社会心理、价值观念等,都会在语言中有所反映。同样,一些封建思想也会在语言中留下痕迹。对女性的性别歧视就是其中之一。通过造字、构词、词序这三个角度来谈谈汉语中的性别歧视问题。