Towards a postcolonial politics of appearance: unsettling lifelong learning as a racial contract

ABSTRACT

In the context of flexible capitalism, lifelong learning has been posed as a pathway for individuals to accumulate skills and actualise potentials. What is overlooked, however, is that the process of accumulation and actualisation is embedded within the culture of recognition. People who are historically constructed as the anthropos, a legacy of the colonial history struggle to appear as equals vis-à-vis the gaze of the humantias. With this critique in view, I reviewed the field of immigrant and lifelong learning in relation to a postcolonial politics of appearance. I sought to understand how lifelong learning settles itself in immigrant consciousness, and how it shapes immigrant experiences in the West. My review points to three metaphors that speak of the challenges and possibilities for immigrants to appear: fixation of the Eurocentric gaze, re-credentialing as precarious investment, and lifelong learning as trans/formation. Together, these metaphors suggest that lifelong learning has conjured a racial contract, which ironically binds immigrants to the labour of learning and yet continuously suppresses their appearance. To unsettle this racial contract, borders need to be reimagined and crossed/vexed by recentring immigrants as knowing subjects.     

Racial Identity Theory and Peace Education: Tools for the Teacher In All of Us

As people develop a meaningful understanding of racism, they also experience shifts in their appraisals of self and others as members of an unfairly stratified society. Consistent with the premises of Helms' (1995) racial identity theory, these shifts can be explained as transformational processes that have relevance to matters of morality and peace advancement. Individuals who operate at advanced levels of racial identity development overcome the confinements inherent in a racism Zeitgeist and in so doing, learn to accept themselves and others more authentically. This theory can prove crucial to peace promotion in children because it espouses to nurture the integration of self within the broader spectrum of humanity. Educators who transform their selves can also transform their educational practices by disrupting cycles of socialization that adversely influence children's identity formation. They can also contribute to the creation of new structures of socialization. In this paper, I describe this theory and how it applies to peace education.     

西方语言文化中的“性别歧视”

由于客观历史原因 ,性别差异在人类历史上是普遍存在的社会现象。西方社会和中国一样也不例外。通过对英语语言和文化的研究可以发现 ,在男人和女人的社会地位问题上 ,“性别歧视” ,特别是“男尊女卑”这种观念和现象在英语词汇、男女姓名、女性用语特征及文学作品等西方语言和文化中都多有表现。研究了解这些语言文化及其在使用上诸多方面的特征 ,对于我国的英语教学和研究以及先进文化的建设均有现实的意义     

浅析英语语言中的性别歧视现象

语言反映社会现象．本文主要分析英语语言中的性别歧视现象产生的原因及其具体表现，并最终得出逐步消除这种现象的几种方法．     

‘Whatever she may study,she can’t escape from washing dishes’: gender inequity in secondary education – evidence from a longitudinal study in India

Using unique panel data from Young Lives study conducted in undivided Andhra Pradesh, India, this mixed-method paper analyses gender differentials in completion of secondary education. Results show biased secondary school completion rates in favor of boys. Probit regression results highlight certain variables such as mothers’ education, wealth, high self-efficacy, early reading skills, lower birth order, and not engaging in more than two hours of domestic work and paid work at age 12, as positively associated with educational outcomes for girls. Decomposition analysis highlights that engaging in domestic chores at age 12 is the most contributory factor (36%) for the persisting gender gap. The other unexplained contributory factors may well be existing discriminatory social norms and son preference, which is captured by the qualitative case studies. The findings suggest that unless we are able to address persisting gender norms, universalizing secondary education with gender equity, will remain a distant dream.     

英语性别歧视语之我见

本文分析产生英语性别歧视的原因以及消除性别歧视语的作用和意义.     

乔安娜*伯顿的反种族主义

乔安娜·伯顿是福克纳的长篇杰作<八月之光>中一位主要人物.她把自己的一生都用来帮助、提升黑人,最后却被拒绝提升的"黑鬼"情人--小说主人公乔*克里斯玛斯杀害.解读乔安娜的种族观念有助于读者深刻理解文本主题,认识种族主义的强势与罪恶,对唤起包括美国白人在内的全社会的觉醒,改善黑人的生存状态,提高黑人的社会地位,消除种族主义并最终达到种族平等都有着不可估量的作用.     

唯一真正的美国人--印第安人

美国是个多民族国家,印第安人是其中一个少数民族,人口约140万.他们是美国最早的居民,为美洲的开发,为美国的发展作出了重大贡献.然而,美国历届政府对他们一直采取种族灭绝、隔离和同化政策,人为地使其丧失公民权,沦为社会最低层.美国是最没有人权的国家.     

英语中的女性语言特点探究

英语中的女性语言在语音语调、词语选择、句法、谈话风格及题材等方面颇具特点,也反映出性别歧视,这些特点的产生,既有社会分工不同和文化因素,也有社会心理因素。     

A Glimpse at Sexual Discrimination in English

As the carrier of culture, language mirrors the process of development of human beings. Sexual discrimination in English embodies and reveals the inequality between the sexes, and it meanwhile unveils the sexual phenomena in English from different cultural points of views, which makes for the improvement of our sensitivity of sexism in English.