从利益相关者的角度看丰田汽车召回事件

近年来频发丰田汽车召回事件给丰田汽车公司的发展带来了极大的不稳定,其利益相关者的态度至关重要.本文从政府、供应商、顾客、员工等主要利益相关者角度展开对丰田召回事件的分析,并提出一些建议和举措.     

对医院图书馆书目数据库建设的思考

馆藏书目数据库建设是图书馆自动化管理的一项重要工作,其质量好坏直接影响图书馆基本业务与读者工作的开展,本文对影响书目数据质量的因素,保证数据质量的措施及数据的标准化应该达到何种程度等问题进行了探讨。     

Mastery and exercise play interventions: motor skill development and verbal recall of children with and without disabilities

Background: Fundamental motor skill proficiency is essential for engagement in sports and physical play and in the development of a healthy lifestyle. Children with motor delays (with and without disabilities) lack the motor skills necessary to participate in games and physical activity, and tend to spend more time as onlookers than do their peers. As such, intervention programs are crucial in promoting motor skill development of children with motor delays. While mastery climate (MC) interventions have shown to positively impact children’s motor performance, what is unknown is the impact of cognitive strategies used by children within these climates. Furthermore, although vigorous play seems to be related to the development of gross motor skills, it is still unknown if children with and without disabilities would benefit from exercise play (EP) interventions.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of MC and EP interventions on the motor skill development and verbal recall (VR) of children with motor delays. The sample included children with and without disabilities.

Research designs: One hundred and thirty-eight children from 27 urban public schools were referred to the present study. Children were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development second edition (TGMD-2) and a VR checklist. Sixty-four children (18 with disabilities and 46 without) met the inclusion criteria, which was a score less than the fifth percentile on the TGMD-2. Participants were randomly assigned to the MC or EP 14-week interventions emphasizing gross motor skill practice.

Data collection and analysis: Children were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. A 2 (groups)?×?2 (disability) × 2 (time) analyses of variance with repeated measures on the last factor was conducted. Change scores, t-test comparisons on the delta scores and Cohen’s D were also calculated.

Results: The MC group demonstrated significant and positive changes over the intervention period. Further, the MC group showed superior locomotor and object control performance and higher recall of verbal cues (p?≤?.05) at post-intervention compared to the EP group. Children with and without disabilities within the MC showed similar patterns of improvement. The EP intervention did not demonstrate significant improvements.

Conclusion: Children with and without disabilities showed improvements in motor skills and VR when exposed to an MC, incorporating the six TARGET structures. These structures included (a) providing feedback and encouragement, providing opportunities for decision-making and establishing personal goals, (b) including parents in the recognition of children’s achievements, (c) creating opportunities to experience leadership and self-pacing, (d) guiding children to use verbal cues and modeling when practicing gross motor skills, and (e) providing demonstrations and teaching children to self-monitor their performance. Instruction is therefore seen as critical to learning gross motor skills, as demonstrated from the findings. Although there were opportunities for vigorous play within the EP intervention, the children did not show improvements in motor performance or VR. These findings suggest that new trends in teacher education physical education to prioritize physical activity over good motor skill instruction may not be advantageous for children in the early years, and should be reconsidered.     

At the Intersection of the Digital Divide and the Knowledge Gap: Do Knowledge Domains and Measures Matter?

This study reports on knowledge gain, examined through three separate measures (free recall, comprehension and recognition) among high- and low-education groups who used two types of news media (newspaper vs. online) to consume two kinds of news (public affairs vs. entertainment). Results (n = 123) confirm the knowledge gap and validate concerns about the digital divide. Yet three different knowledge acquisition measures generated dissimilar findings: strong education effects for free recall, strong media format effects for recognition, and strong interaction effects between education and media format for comprehension. The implications of these inconsistencies are considered for measuring knowledge gaps in future research.     

从汽车安全标准反思国家标准体制的建立

汽车安全国家标准是汽车召回的依据,也是人身安全的重要保证,汽车安全国家标准的科学合理至关重要,本文通过中日对比,从编目权威性、查询便利性、制定机构和制定程序等方面,对中国目前的汽车安全国家标准体系及其建立进行了深入分析.研究发现,目前中国汽车安全标准局限在技术性范畴,而不是社会性范畴,标准制定缺少社会公正性审查,制定过程难以保证中立性,国家汽车标准体系缺少整体内在逻辑性,在研究结论基础上,本文还提出了政策建议.     

基于ILAS WEB的主动式图书催还客户端程序的设计与实现

针对图书馆某些读者不能在规定时限归还所借图书,利用ILAS Ⅱ WEB编制主动式图书催还客户端程序。藉此读者无需频繁登录,仅需简单设置即可一劳永逸地查看程序主动推送的借还信息等,同时提高图书馆文献利用率。     

Becoming a more adaptive teacher through collaborating in Lesson Study? Examining the influence of Lesson Study on teachers’ adaptive teaching practices in mainstream secondary education

Adaptive teaching has become increasingly important in research and practice. However, its complexity calls for effective professional development approaches, such as Lesson Study, that may promote adaptive teaching practices. This study uses a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design, consisting of stimulated recall interviews and classroom observation instruments, to determine whether participating in Lesson Study leads to more adaptive teaching practices in both teachers’ perceptions and behavior. Although intervention group teachers reported various important changes in their perceptions about adaptive teaching and their (adaptive) teaching behavior, no intervention effects were found. This raises questions about how adaptive teaching can be defined and measured.     

2016年中国高等教育热点回眸

回望2016 年的那些被社会舆论广泛热议的高等教育话题,有利于客观记录鲜活的高等教育历史,及时发现、反思、总结高等教育经验及教训,积淀高等教育持续发展与改革的动力。为此,笔者对浙江师范大学教育评论研究所网站“每日教育评论”栏目上传的每日高等教育热点话题,通过影响范围以及“百度”搜索量进行研究与筛选,确定每月一个高等教育热点话题。在此基础上,参照网络媒体对每月热点话题的各种议论,以教育评论的视角进行理性的归纳与反思。     

我国缺陷产品召回法律制度立法之商榷——兼评《缺陷产品召回管理条例（草案）》第三条

缺陷产品召回法律制度作为一种预防和保护制度,对维护消费者权益、企业健康持续发展和产品国际竞争力的提升等都有极大的促进作用,已被世界各国广泛采用。在我国,这项制度还处在建设和完善之中,学界的探讨也围绕法律性质、范畴和立法体例展开。笔者结合草案第三条的评析认为其相关基础概念应进一步完善。     

康河边迎风起舞的水仙——徐志摩《再别康桥》与华兹华斯《咏水仙》之比较

华兹华斯是塑造徐志摩诗艺的一个重要源头,通过对他们的代表作《再别康桥》和《咏水仙》的创作背景、创作心理及艺术特色的分析,可以揭示出二者诗艺的一些深层联系:一是孤独的心境和缺失性体验;二是大自然情结和归依性体验;三是冷静回忆、情感自然流露的创作特点。