三维重建法测量中国北方成人股骨膝外翻角(英文)

研究目的:利用三维重建影像模型获取膝外翻角,并通过使用这种方法来测量中国北方成人膝外翻角的平均估计值。创新要点:本研究所获取的膝外翻角平均值对于在中国北方人群进行膝关节置换术时有着重要的参考意义,新的三维重建测量法使得膝外翻角的术前个体化测量更加精确。研究方法:利用64名患者的CT血管造影(CTA)的DICOM数据获取共128件股骨三维重建模型。在重建的股骨模型上分别定位髁间凹最高点(点A)、膝关节线上20 cm截面的髓腔中点(点B)和股骨头旋转中心(点C)。之后膝关节外翻角即由股骨远端解剖轴(线AB)与股骨机械轴(线AC)所围成(上述定位过程详见图5)。经统计分析后,128件股骨的平均外翻角值为6.20°±1.20°。统计分析还发现,膝外翻角与个体年龄呈显著性正相关,同一个体的左右侧外翻角呈显著性正相关。重要结论:在对北方成年人群进行膝关节置换术时,选取外翻角为6°可会在重建人体下肢力线上获得更好的术后效果。在对年长患者进行手术时应选用更大的外翻角。     

Static and dynamic accuracy of a magnetic-inertial measurement unit used to provide racket swing kinematics

Magnetic-inertial measurement units (MIMUs) are becoming more prevalent in sports biomechanics and may be a viable tool to evaluate kinematic parameters. This study examined the accuracy of a MIMU to estimate orientation angles under static conditions and dynamically from a squash racket during a forehand drive shot. A MIMU was mounted onto a goniometer and moved through 0–90°, with static data collected at 10° increments during 10 repetitions of all three axes. Typical error analyses showed the MIMU to be very reliable (TE ≤ 0.03°). MIMU accuracy was determined via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) (r > 0.999, p < 0.001). An ordinary least products regression showed no proportional bias and minimal fixed bias for all axes. Dynamic accuracy was assessed by comparing MIMU and optical motion capture data of squash racket swing kinematics. A MIMU was fixed onto a racket and 10 participants each hit 10 forehand shots. Mean orientation angle error at ball impact was <0.50° and ICC showed very high correlations (r ≥ 0.988, p < 0.001) for all orientations. Swing phase root mean squared errors were ≤2.20°. These results indicate that a MIMU could be used to accurately and reliably estimate selected racket swing kinematics.     

The Dutch language anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury scale (ACL-RSI) – validity and reliability

The ACL-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI) measures athletes’ emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal in relation to return to sport after ACL reconstruction. Aim of this study was to study the validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the ACL-RSI (ACL-RSI (NL)).

Total 150 patients, who were 3–16 months postoperative, completed the ACL-RSI(NL) and 5 other questionnaires regarding psychological readiness to return to sports, knee-specific physical functioning, kinesiophobia, and health-specific locus of control. Construct validity of the ACL-RSI(NL) was determined with factor analysis and by exploring 10 hypotheses regarding correlations between ACL-RSI(NL) and the other questionnaires. For test–retest reliability, 107 patients (5–16 months postoperative) completed the ACL-RSI(NL) again 2 weeks after the first administration. Cronbach’s alpha, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), SEM, and SDC, were calculated. Bland–Altman analysis was conducted to assess bias between test and retest.

Nine hypotheses (90%) were confirmed, indicating good construct validity. The ACL-RSI(NL) showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.94) and test–retest reliability (ICC 0.93). SEM was 5.5 and SDC was 15. A significant bias of 3.2 points between test and retest was found.

Therefore, the ACL-RSI(NL) can be used to investigate psychological factors relevant to returning to sport after ACL reconstruction.     

The dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (DCRe): introducing relative and absolute reliability scores

Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s^–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s^–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.     

中国职业足球联赛理事会构建的反思与重构

在法人治理结构中,理事会居于核心与主导地位,主要负责组织内部的决策与监督职能。我国职业足球联赛理事会刚刚建立不久,理事会内部结构设置不够完善,理事会性质与地位较模糊,理事会的角色与功能难以有效发挥。在我国职业足球联赛治理架构中,理事会是独立于中国足协之外,属于职业足球联盟下属机构性质的理事会。理事会是确定联赛运营方向,制定联赛经营决策的组织机构。     

覆盖船位的概率相等的误差图形面积的比较

分析了覆盖船位的概率相等的误差四边形、椭圆和圆的面积大小问题,并得到结论：（１）误差椭圆的面积为最小;（２）当两条船位线的精度比λ＝Ｅ１Ｅ２＝１．０～１．２５,交角θ＝８０°～９０°及λ＝１．０～１．１,θ＝７５°～９０°时,误差四边形的面积为最大,而误差椭圆的面积为圆的９８．９％～１００％。因此,建议这时用标准误差圆评定船位精度,船位在该圆内的概率Ｐ≈６３．５％。在其余场合,误差圆的面积为最大,而误差椭圆面积为四边形的９６．８％～９９．２％。因此,建议这时用标准误差四边形评定船位精度,船位在其内的概率Ｐ＝４６．６％。从而修正了在文献［１］～［４］中的“误差四边形的面积为最大”和文献［５］中的“误差圆的面积为最大的”不正确的论断。     

BONAGE超声骨龄测试和X光拍摄两种骨龄检测方法的比较研究

通过判读手掌和手腕骨的X光成像图片来评价青少年骨龄是体育和医学界一直使用的传统方法,长期的实践应用已证明它是行之有效的。但为变革其固有的缺陷对新的评价方法的探索一直没有停止,其中以色列阳光公司研制的BoneAge超声骨龄检测仪利用定量超声原理来评价骨龄,已批量投入市场且已为国内部分省市的体育部门所采用。研究目的:对BoneAge超声检测方法和传统X光拍摄方法进行方法学比较分析,检验新方法的准确性和有效性,以维护骨龄检测的权威性和科学性。研究对象:5-17岁男女青少年322名。研究方法:(1)超声骨龄仪的可重复性试验(实验对象93名);(2)X光片判读结果与超声检测结果的比较。对223名男女青少年拍摄手掌(腕)骨进行X光拍摄后随即使用BonAge超声骨龄检测仪对同批对象进行手腕部超声扫描。将超声骨龄结果与两位专家对X光片盲式读片结果的平均值进行比较分析。研究结果:(1)对超声骨龄仪的可重复性实验结果表明,两次测试的骨龄均值无显著性差异且呈高度相关,提示该仪器总体稳定性良好;(2)对超声骨龄结果与X光骨龄均值比较的显示,无论是区分年龄段还是性别,两种评定结果之间均有较大的系统误差和随机误差,且这种误差随年龄段的增大而有所加大;对年龄段较高的人群,超声检测结果更易高估对象的骨发育程度;单因变量多因素方差分析表明,骨龄评价结果主要受到评定方法和年龄段因素的影响,而与性别因素关系不大;对超声骨龄和X光骨龄的相关程度和直线回归分析表明,尽管总体人群的两种评价结果存在高度相关,直线回归效果较好,但引入年龄段因素后,相关程度明显降低,回归效果较差,提示这两种方法之间不能相互替代。     

在新农村文化建设活动中普及太极拳的必要性与可行性研究

建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务,文章运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计等研究方法;根据太极拳对身、心的锻炼价值及文化的继承等特征,从新农村贫富差距的根源;农村社会关系及农民的思想波动状况;新农村的生产、生活状况及休闲方式;新型农民应该具有的基本素质需要;农村体育人口现状方面及焦作太极拳普及成功的模式等方面,论证了进一步加大力度普及太极拳在新农村文化建设中的必要性和可行性。     

社会转型与体育功能的重构

正像经济领域以GDP为中心的发展模式,我国体育事业存在着过于追求金牌的发展模式,体育在政治功能和提振民族精神方面发展较充分,而健身功能、经济功能等方面的发展却相对薄弱。竞技体育与群众体育隔离,妨碍中国从体育大国走向体育强国。当下正值中国社会、经济转型时期,中国体育事业也应有相应的转型。