针刺足三里对运动大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的影响

为了探讨针刺足三里对运动大鼠下丘脑垂体肾上腺轴的调节作用,采用递增负荷的跑台运动方式,观察了一般情况、血红蛋白含量、血清皮质醇、睾酮、血浆β- 内啡肽、LH、ACTH含量、下丘脑β- 内啡肽含量等指标。结果提示,针刺足三里疗法可以提高疲劳大鼠的Hb含量、血T浓度、下丘脑β内啡肽含量;降低血浆β- 内啡肽、ACTH含量,从而起到预防运动性疲劳的作用。     

中国武术的推广路径与前景分析

通过对武术推广的条件、困难及对策进行系统的分析研究,认为中国武术应以大众健身和竞技搏击两条线索进行推广,将武术中的部分提炼和发展为“精英体育”,并选择普及性广的部分,实现真正意义上的大众推广,以完善的商业运作和发展方向来促进社会经济发展和满足民众消费水平的体育需求。也就是说,竞技观赏、武术健身和经济三者经过有机整合而构成武术推广的前提,也是武术走向世界的动力。     

Health benefits of Kung Fu: A systematic review

Abstract

The Chinese martial arts (Kung Fu) have existed for centuries and are generally accepted as being beneficial for health without much empirical data. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the health effects of “hard” Kung Fu styles by performing electronic and manual searches of the literature. The aspects of health and the Kung Fu style examined varied between most studies; in some cases, the martial art group consisted of practitioners of other martial art styles also. Of 2103 references identified, only nine papers were eligible and reviewed. All were observational studies, observing a range of health aspects possibly related to Kung Fu training or performance. Our findings suggest that there is no evidence that Kung Fu practice is associated with the prevention or treatment of any health condition. However, as a moderate- to high-intensity form of aerobic exercise, it may confer benefits similar to those attributed to other aerobic training modalities. However, this hypothesis remains to be tested in clinical trials. Physiological benefits (e.g., aerobic capacity and bone density) may be associated with long-term Kung Fu practice. Future research in this area should adopt experimental designs, clearly identifying eligibility criteria, testing and training protocols, and include health-related outcomes and documentation of adverse events, to advance knowledge in this field.     

Energy turnover during 24 hours and 6 days of adventure racing

Abstract

Energy turnover was assessed in two conditions of mixed ultra-endurance exercise. In Study 1, energy expenditure and intake were measured in nine males in a laboratory over 24 h. In Study 2, energy expenditure was assessed in six males during an 800-km Adventure race (mean race time 152.5 h). Individual correlations between heart rate and oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O₂) were established during pre-tests when kayaking, cycling, and running. During exercise, energy expenditure was estimated from continuous heart rate recordings. Heart rate and [Vdot]O₂ were measured regularly during fixed cycling work rates to correct energy expenditure for drift in oxygen pulse. Mean energy expenditure was 18,050 ± 2,390 kcal (750 ± 100 kcal · h^?1) and 80,000 ± 18,000 kcal (500 ± 100 kcal · h^?1) in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively, which is higher than previously reported. Energy intake in Study 1 was 8,450 ± 1,160 kcal, resulting in an energy deficit of 9,590 ± 770 kcal. Body mass decreased in Study 1 (?2.3 ± 0.8 kg) but was unchanged in Study 2. Fat mass decreased in Study 2 (?2.3 ± 1.5 kg). In Study 1, muscle glycogen content decreased by only 60%. Adventure racing requires a high energy expenditure, with large inter-individual variation. A large energy deficit is caused by inadequate energy intake, possibly due to suppressed appetite and gastrointestinal problems. The oxygen pulse, comparing start to 12 h of exercise and beyond, increased by 10% and 5% in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. Hence, estimations of energy expenditure from heart rate recordings should be corrected according to this drift.     

Creatine supplementation does not decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise

Abstract

Thirty-six male rats were used; divided into 6 groups (n = 6): saline; creatine (Cr); eccentric exercise (EE) plus saline 24 h (saline + 24 h); eccentric exercise plus Cr 24 h (Cr + 24 h); eccentric exercise plus saline 48 h (saline + 48 h); and eccentric exercise plus Cr 48 h (Cr + 48h). Cr supplementation was administered as a solution of 300 mg · kg body weight^?1 · day^?1 in 1 mL water, for two weeks, before the eccentric exercise. The animals were submitted to one downhill run session at 1.0 km · h^?1 until exhaustion. Twenty-four and forty-eight hours after the exercise, the animals were killed, and the quadriceps were removed. Creatine kinase levels, superoxide production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, carbonyl content, total thiol content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, interleukin-1b (IL-1β), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kb), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) were analysed. Cr supplementation neither decreases Cr kinase, superoxide production, lipoperoxidation, carbonylation, total thiol, IL-1β, NF-kb, or TNF nor alters the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxides in relation to the saline group, respectively (P < 0.05). There are positive correlations between Cr kinase and TBARS and TNF-α 48 hours after eccentric exercise. The present study suggests that Cr supplementation does not decrease oxidative stress and inflammation after eccentric contraction.     

运动训练中内皮素与心血管系统关系的综述

为了了解运动训练中内皮素对心血管系统的作用.采用文献资料法论述了内皮素的主要生理作用,综述了国内外有关内皮素与运动训练关系的研究现状及该领域研究中存在的问题.研究表明:适宜强度的有氧耐力运动,可以改善内皮素的释放量进而有利于心血管系统在运动训练中的适应.     

时尚、轻松的沟通艺术——浅析涂鸦广告

涂鸦是目前流行于世界时尚设计圈的一种艺术形式,并且以其特有的内涵在一定程度上引领着时尚潮流。在广告领域,涂鸦这种艺术形式也越来越多的被采用。本文就涂鸦广告出现的社会意义和涂鸦广告在与消费者沟通方面的独特魅力作了一些分析。     

背越式跳高中助跑与起跳结合的重要性

背越式跳高中助跑与起跳的紧密结合对跳高成绩起着十分重要的作用．通过运动力学、解剖学分析和动作技能形成过程中的心理特点分析，对助跑起跳学习环节加大重视，多做有关的辅助练习，形成正确规范的技术动作，有助于学生更快更好地提高运动成绩．     

云南文山市大众游泳运动现状调查及发展优势研究

采用问卷调查、访问调查、文献资料、数理统计等方法对云南省文山市大众游泳运动的现状进行调查研究,结果显示：文山市参加游泳健身运动的男性参与率高于女性,且青少年学生的参与率最高;游泳技术以蛙泳为主;影响大众参与游泳运动的主要因素是游泳场馆的水质．建议充分发挥文山市气候、设施优势,进一步推动文山市大众游泳运动的持续发展．     

关于高层经理股票期权报酬计划的探讨

目前我国越来越多的股份有限公司和一些地方的国有资产管理单位使用股票期权长期激励机制。本文在分析了我国企业高层经理报酬计划变迁的基础上 ,探讨股票期权作为一种解决代理问题的有效激励机制在我国实施的优点和障碍。介绍了我国股票期权计划的试点情况 ,就股票期权在我国的实施中 ,股票期权行权所需股票来源渠道、股票期权授予和行使、股票期权的授予时机和数目、股票期权行权价格的确定提出了自己的建议 ,并对我国实行股票期权的前景作了分析