老年抗阻训练方法研究

保持和促进老年人的身体健康一直是体育科研的一个重要领域。随年龄增长而出现的肌肉力量减弱会使老年人身体功能能力逐渐丧失。合理运用练习频率和练习强度这两个因素进行抗阻训练不仅可以提高老年人的肌肉力量,还对老年人保持独立生活能力和提高生活质量有重要帮助。     

太极拳中想象练习法的运用

通过在实际教学中的体会以及实验，提出了在太极拳教学中想象练习法的运用并分析了其原理，以备广大教学工作参考。     

A comparison of muscle activity and 1-RM strength of three chest-press exercises with different stability requirements

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare one-repetition maximum (1-RM) and muscle activity in three chest-press exercises with different stability requirements (Smith machine, barbell, and dumbbells). Twelve healthy, resistance-trained males (age 22.7 ± 1.7 years, body mass 78.6 ± 7.6 kg, stature 1.80 ± 0.06 m) were tested for 1-RM of the three chest-press exercises in counterbalanced order with 3–5 days of rest between the exercises. One-repetition maximum and electromyographic activity of the pectoralis major, deltoid anterior, biceps, and triceps brachii were recorded in the exercises. The dumbbell load was 14% less than that for the Smith machine (P ≤ 0.001, effect size [ES] = 1.05) and 17% less than that for the barbell (P ≤ 0.001, ES = 1.11). The barbell load was ～3% higher than that for the Smith machine (P = 0.016, ES = 0.18). Electrical activity in the pectoralis major and anterior deltoid did not differ during the lifts. Electrical activity in the biceps brachii increased with stability requirements (i.e. Smith machine <barbell <dumbbells; P ≤ 0.005; ES = 0.57, 1.46, and 2.00, respectively), while triceps brachii activity was reduced using dumbbells versus barbell (P = 0.007, ES = 0.73) and dumbbells versus Smith machine (P = 0.003, ES = 0.62). In conclusion, high stability requirements in the chest press (dumbbells) result in similar (pectoralis major and anterior deltoid), lower (triceps brachii) or higher (biceps brachii) muscle activity. These findings have implications for athletic training and rehabilitation.     

运动性疲劳及其恢复

运动性疲劳包括运动性生理疲劳和运动性心理疲劳，通过分析其产生的机理，采用适当的、针对性的恢复措施，消除运动性疲劳，从而提高运动训练效果。     

对大学生体育锻炼行为阶段性特点的调查研究

本文运用“阶段性行为改变模式”的理论,对大学生的体育锻炼行为的阶段性特点进行了初步的调查研究。研究的结果表明,有一定比例的大学生完全不参加体育锻炼,有体育锻炼习惯者较少,大部分的学生有时参加体育锻炼,但没有养成习惯;大学生的体育锻炼行为具有阶段性动力特征;大学生中存在随年级的增长不参加体育锻炼的人数同时增加的不良现象。     

课前准备活动的生理探讨

体育课的准备活动是课的重要组成部分之一,体育课的最大特点是学生直接从事大量的身体练习,而准备活动的目的在于逐步提高学生大脑皮层的兴奋性,逐步克服内脏器官的惰性,使人体各组织器官迅速进入工作状态,为基本部分的学习做好生理上和心理上的准备.     

Improving Academic Performance of Sport and Exercise Science Undergraduate Students in Gross Anatomy Using a Near-Peer Teaching Program

Peer and near-peer teaching programs are common in medical undergraduate courses. However, there are no studies that have investigated the effectiveness of a near-peer teaching program on the academic performance of undergraduate students pursuing sport and exercise science coursework. This study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of such a program for students who participated in a course on the functional anatomy of the locomotor apparatus. A total of 39 student participants were divided into two groups: students in one group voluntarily attended at least one session of a near-peer teaching program, and students in the other group attended no sessions. The final grade (range 0–100%) was recorded and used as an indicator of academic performance. The final grade of students who attended the near-peer teaching program (69.5 ± 16.0%) was 38.7% higher (P = 0.002, d = 1.06) than those who did not (50.1 ± 20.4%). When the academic performance of the same students was evaluated in another course (exercise physiology) that did not offer a near-peer teaching program, there were no significant differences between the groups (students who attended or did not attend the near-peer teaching program). A significant positive association was found between near-peer teaching program frequency and the number of students approved and not approved in the course (P = 0.041). A significant difference (P = 0.001) was found in the attendance at regular classes between the group who participated in the near-peer teaching program (median: 62 hours; IQR [interquartile ranges]: 4.0 hours) and those who did not (median: 58 hours; IQR: 4.0 hours). Gender was not a moderating factor on academic performance or near-peer teaching program attendance. These results highlight the effectiveness of a near-peer teaching program on the academic performance of students from a sport and exercise science degree program while enrolled in an anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.     

体重控制中体育锻炼的作用

当代社会,有很大比例的人面临着同样的健康问题--超重和肥胖。超重和肥胖症受到很多因素的影响,其中最重要的是机体能量的摄入大于能量消耗。健康的体育锻炼是一种可以持续地预防肥胖、控制体重的手段。通过运动的热效应,机体消耗大量过剩的能量,不但能抑制脂肪生成达到控体重的目的,还能燃烧多余的脂肪而使体重下降。实践证明,科学的有氧体育锻炼和健康的饮食相结合,能达到降体重的最佳效果。科学的有氧运动是指经过专业人员个性化测量后设计的运动处方,这些运动强度低、时间长,也能预防运动伤病。除些之外,运动还能提高人们的体质。     

湖南高校教师亚健康状态与运动处方对策研究

通过对湖南高校教师亚健康状态的调查研究,从运动处方的社会学意义、逻辑结构及量的规定诸方面出发,提出了缓解湖南高校教师亚健康状态的运动处方对策,并明确指出实施具有个性化的"运动处方"依然面临着"建立个性化运动处方体系的现实制约和个体对亚健康与运动处方的理性认识不足"两方面的矛盾.     

教师参加体育锻炼的现状与健康状况

运用问卷调查法,对我校中青年教师的身体健康状况及其从事体育锻炼的现状进行调查和分析。结果表明：教师的健康状况不佳,且随着年龄的增长有下降的趋势;教师参加体育锻炼有性别差异并且锻炼时间和次数明显不足,而工作忙无时间是影响教师参加与锻炼的主要因素。