利用能量单位评价跑步经济性的有效性研究

目的:利用便携式肺功能仪,在场地条件下测试中跑运动员4种次极限跑速时的跑步经济性(RE),比较以时间耗氧(ml/kg/min)、距离耗氧(ml/kg/km)和距离耗能(kcal/kg/km)单位评价RE的有效性。方法:10名中跑运动员在标准田径场跑道上完成1次递增负荷测试和1次持续4个回合的恒定负荷测试。通过递增负荷测试获取最大耗氧量(VO2max)和无氧阈(AT),并分别以70%、80%、90%、105%AT强度完成5～10min恒定负荷测试,取稳态耗氧量及相关呼吸指标计算3种不同单位表示时的RE。结果:3种单位表示的RE在两两间均呈现出非常显著的相关关系(P<0.01)。随运动强度的增高,单位时间的耗氧在每级间均显著增高(P<0.05);单位距离的耗氧则无明显变化(P>0.05),且在80%～105%AT强度间出现微弱的降低;单位距离的能耗在70%～90%AT间缓慢增高(P>0.05),但在90%～105%AT间增高显著(P<0.05);呼吸交换率(RER)则在80%～105%AT间出现了不同程度地显著提高(80%～90%AT:P<0.05,90%～105%AT:P<0.01)。结论:无论是时间耗氧单位还是距离耗氧单位,都忽略了底物利用的不同对耗氧量的影响,无法有效评定RE。能量单位更符合RE的本质特征,与运动实践更加相关,是评定RE的有效单位。     

新时期下呼吸内科临床教学方法研究

根据现代医学教育的发展和目前呼吸内科临床教学的实际情况,结合现代医学教育中有关呼吸内科临床教学的相关研究成果及教学改革的新成就,借鉴和吸取教学新方法和新成果.根据当前呼吸内科的相关理论及教学特点,详细地介绍呼吸内科临床教学过程中运用全新的教学模式,并采用现代的教育教学手段来培养和提高学生的独立分析能力及解决实际问题的能力,全面提高教学后学生的临床实践能力及随机应变能力,打造呼吸内科全新的教学体系和教学模式.     

Clinical implications of exercise immunology

Maintaining leanness and a physically active lifestyle during adulthood reduces systemic inflammation, an underlying factor in multiple chronic diseases. The anti-inflammatory influence of near-daily physical activity in lowering C-reactive protein, total blood leukocytes, interleukin-6, and other inflammatory cytokines may play a key role in lowering risk of cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, sarcopenia, and dementia. Moderate exercise training causes favorable perturbations in immunity and a reduction in incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). During each bout of moderate exercise, an enhanced recirculation of immunoglobulins, neutrophils, and natural killer cells occurs that persists for up to 3-h post-exercise. This exercise-induced surge in immune cells from the innate immune system is transient but improves overall surveillance against pathogens. As moderate exercise continues on a near-daily basis for 12–15 weeks, the number of symptoms days with URTI is decreased 25%–50% compared to randomized sedentary controls. Epidemiologic and animal studies support this inverse relationship between URTI risk and increased physical activity.     

Abuse of power in relationships and sexual health

STI rates are high for First Nations in Canada and the United States. Our objective was to understand the context, issues, and beliefs around high STI rates from a nêhiyaw (Cree) perspective. Twenty-two in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 community participants between March 1, 2011 and May 15, 2011. Interviews were conducted by community researchers and grounded in the Cree values of relationship, sharing, personal agency and relational accountability. A diverse purposive snowball sample of community members were asked why they thought STI rates were high for the community. The remainder of the interview was unstructured, and supported by the interviewer through probes and sharing in a conversational style. Modified grounded theory was used to analyze the narratives and develop a theory. The main finding from the interviews was that abuse of power in relationships causes physical, mental, emotional and spiritual wounds that disrupt the medicine wheel. Wounded individuals seek medicine to stop suffering and find healing. Many numb suffering by accessing temporary medicines (sex, drugs and alcohol) or permanent medicines (suicide). These medicines increase the risk of STIs. Some seek healing by participating in ceremony and restoring relationships with self, others, Spirit/religion, traditional knowledge and traditional teachings. These medicines decrease the risk of STIs. Younger female participants explained how casual relationships are safer than committed monogamous relationships. Resolving abuse of power in relationships should lead to improvements in STI rates and sexual health.     

通俗歌曲的演唱技法

通俗歌曲已成为大众文化传播的一种形式。其演唱丰富多样，基本特点是：音域较窄，诗词通俗易懂，灵活度大，易于表现，低 区较结实，听来亲切动人。发声时的呼吸方法多种，基本唱法大致可以分为十三类。     

西红柿贮藏过程中几个生理参数动态变化的研究

本文研究了西红柿在贮过程中呼吸强度、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的动态变化、结果证明,西红柿果实在贮藏期间呼吸强度和过氧化物酶的活性交化是同步的,而过氧化氢酶正好相反。这些变化反映了果实的成熟程度和组织衰老的状况,据此可以认为这三者均可作为西红柿贮藏的重要生理参数。     

呼吸传感器的研制

利用压电陶瓷的压电效应，研制出一种呼吸传感器，将实验动物呼吸的变化，以电压变化的形式，通过记录仪描记成曲线，为测量实验动物的呼吸频率和呼吸强度，提供了一种新的实验手段。     

不同品种水稻对乙草胺敏感性差异的生理原因探讨

用三种浓度的乙草胺处理对其敏感性不同的三种水稻（敏感品种华籼占、中抗品种粤优青占和抗性品种穗灵占）的发芽种子,水稻幼苗的呼吸速率不同程度受抑制,乙烯释放速率不同程度受干扰,两方面均以华籼占受影响最大,穗灵占受影响最小,粤优青占受影响居中;华籼占为"乙烯-呼吸谐变型";穗灵占为"乙烯-呼吸异变型";品种固有的"乙烯-呼吸型"的差异是不同品种水稻对乙草胺敏感性不同的内在生理原因。     

严重呼吸综合征的胸部影像表现

目的 :总结严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)的胸部X线表现及变化规律。方法 :分析 5 1例经临床确诊的SARS患者一系列胸部X线进行统计分析。结果 :患者均以发热为最早发病症状 ,10 0 %患者在发病后 1周内X线胸片出现局灶性斑片状模糊阴影 ,2周内达到高峰 ,15 .6 %患者为双肺多肺炎性病变 ,5 2 .9%患者为左肺 ,右肺为 31.4 % ,大部分肺野受累 ,病情重 ,98%患者在 4周内肺部阴影逐渐消散。结论 :肺部病变越早 ,范围越广 ,发展越迅速 ,临床症状越重。     

替考拉宁治疗老年下呼吸道感染临床观察

目的了解替考拉宁治疗老年下呼吸道感染的临床有效性和毒副作用的发生情况。方法对南通大学附属医院2002年5月～2003年5月住院的老年下呼吸道感染患者34例，应用安万特医药公司产品替考拉宁治疗；疗程至少4～7天。严重感染可延长用药时间；并进行治疗前后的临床症状、细菌清除情况、以及不良反应的统计分析。结果22例痰培养检出MRSA，4例检出MRSE。临床有效率76．5％；细菌清除率60％；相关肝、肾功损害分别为2例、4例。占17．6％。结论替考拉宁治疗老年下呼吸道感染疗效好。毒副作用相对较低．使用较为安全。