不同模式低氧训练对急性力竭运动下大鼠肝脏、肾脏线粒体呼吸链复合体酶活性的影响

经5周不同模式低氧训练,测定急性力竭运动即刻大鼠肝脏、肾脏线粒体呼吸链酶复合体Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的活性,探讨不同低氧训练模式对肝脏及肾脏线粒体呼吸链功能的影响。方法:40只2月龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机均分为5组:常氧训练组(LoLo)、高住高练组(HiHi)、高住低训组(HiLo)、低住高练组(LoHi)和高住高练低训组(HiHiLo)。各组大鼠分别在常氧(海拔1 500 m,大气压632 mmHg)或/和低氧(海拔3 500 m,大气压493 mmHg)环境中居住及递增负荷训练5周。力竭运动后即刻取样。差速离心法提取线粒体。分光光度法测定呼吸链酶复合体Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ活性。结果显示:HiLo模式和HiHiLo模式可显著提高大鼠力竭运动后即刻肝脏线粒体呼吸链功能,4种低氧训练模式均降低了大鼠力竭运动后即刻肾脏线粒体呼吸链功能,不同低氧训练模式对大鼠力竭运动后即刻线粒体呼吸链功能的影响存在组织差异性。     

运动与线粒体

对近年来有关运动与线粒体的研究成果进行了深入分析,综述了不同运动状态下线粒体的呼吸机能、抗氧化能力、膜特性、mtDNA及形态结构等方面的变化,以及大鼠进行长期训练后及补充外源性物质后线粒体机能出现的良好性变化等。     

张家口市SARS患者、疑似病例、留观及密切接触医护人员血清中IgG、IgM抗体测定

目的 :为临床诊断及排除严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)提供依据和对留观及密切接触医护人员有无感染作初步调查。方法 :用酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 5 3例临床诊断病例、2 9例疑似病例、6 3例留观及 114例密切接触医护人员的血清中SARS冠状病毒IgG、IgM抗体。结果 :SARS临床诊断病例IgG抗体阳性 2 1例 ,IgM抗体阳性 18例 ,其中有 17例IgG、IgM抗体均为阳性 ,总阳性率为 4 1.5 % ;留观人员IgG抗体阳性 1例 ;其他均为阴性。 结论 :ELISA测定血清抗SARS冠状病毒抗体阳性病例可确诊感染病毒 ,对于观察期后 (一般为 2 1d)人员 ,阴性结果可以排除感染。     

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of different parts of Tribulus terrestris L. growing in Iraq

Antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of Tribulus terrestris L., an Iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against 11 species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli,Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using microdilution method in 96 multiwell microtiter plates. All the extracts from the different parts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most tested microorganisms. The most active extract against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was ethanol extract from the fruits with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.15 mg/ml against B. subtilis,B. cereus, P. vulgaris and C. diphtheriae. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC value of 0.15 mg/ml.     

呼吸音的检测分析系统的研制及实验研究

笔者研制的呼吸音的检测分析系统。经过医学临床检查健康人和呼吸系统病人的呼吸音定量客观地诊断的实验。分析了正常的呼吸音、干性罗音和湿性罗音波形的特点。证明了呼吸音的检测、分析系统的可行性。     

ADP-ribosylhydrolases: from DNA damage repair to COVID-19

Adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-ribosylation is a unique post-translational modification that regulates many biological processes,such as DNA damage repair.During DNA repair,ADP-ribosylation needs to be reversed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases.A group of ADP-ribosylhydrolases have a catalytic domain,namely the macrodomain,which is conserved in evolution from prokaryotes to humans.Not all macrodomains remove ADP-ribosylation.One set of macrodomains loses enzymatic activity and only binds to ADP-ribose(ADPR).Here,we summarize the biological functions of these macrodomains in DNA damage repair and compare the structure of enzymatically active and inactive macrodomains.Moreover,small molecular inhibitors have been developed that target macrodomains to suppress DNA damage repair and tumor growth.Macrodomain proteins are also expressed in pathogens,such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).However,these domains may not be directly involved in DNA damage repair in the hosts or pathogens.Instead,they play key roles in pathogen replication.Thus,by targeting macrodomains it may be possible to treat pathogen-induced diseases,such as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).     

Structural and physiological changes of the human body upon SARS-CoV-2 infection

Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)) has spread to many countries around the world, developing into a global pandemic with increasing numbers of deaths reported worldwide. To data, although some vaccines have been developed, there are no ideal drugs to treat novel coronavirus pneumonia(coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)). By examining the structure of the coronavirus and briefly describing its possible pathogenesis based on recent autopsy reports conducted by various teams worldwide, this review analyzes the possible structural and functional changes of the human body upon infection with SARS-CoV-2. We observed that the most prominent pathological changes in COVID-19 patients are diffuse alveolar damage(DAD) of the lungs and microthrombus formation,resulting in an imbalance of the ventilation/perfusion ratio and respiratory failure. Although direct evidence of viral infection can also be found in other organs and tissues, the viral load is relatively small. The conclusion that the injuries of the extrapulmonary organs are directly caused by the virus needs further investigation.     

Lipid peroxides,vitamin E levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum of respiratory disease patients

The concentration of serum lipid peroxides, tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was measured in 75 patients (43 males and 32 females) of different respiratory diseases aged 15–40 years. The results were compared with the values obtained from 100 healthy persons of comparabie age. The patients of respiratory diseases showed elevated levels of lipid peroxides with concomitant reduction of tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase activity. When these patients were categorised into different groups depending on the type of the disease like pulmonary tuberculosis (PT), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PT and COPD) and suppurative lung disease (SLD). There was no significant difference between the groups. A significant inverse relation was found between lipid peroxides versus tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients of respiratory diseases. The results suggest the involvement of lipid peroxidation process in pulmonary damage.     

ICU气管切开患者下呼吸道感染的护理干预

目的探讨护理干预对ICU气管切开患者下呼吸道感染发生率的影响。方法将我院ICU收治的100例气管切开患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,观察组患者采取相应的护理干预措施,对照组患者采取常规护理措施,比较两组患者下呼吸道感染的发生率。结果观察组发生下呼吸道感染6例,对照组发生下呼吸道感染23例,两组患者比较差异显著（P〈0.01）,具有统计学意义。结论采取护理干预措施能有效降低气管切开患者下呼吸道感染的发生率,对改善患者预后具有重要意义。