严重急性呼吸系统综合征的影像学表现及临床特点

目的 :探讨急性呼吸系统综合征的胸部影像学表现及临床特点。方法 :对经确诊的 30例严重急性呼吸综合征患者的胸部影像学表现和临床特点进行回顾性分析。结果 :此 30例SARS患者的胸部影像学表现由肺实质的渗出或 /和间质的渗出程度所决定 ,根据病变早期及进展期的表现分为 4型 :(1 )局限小片型 :8例 ,早期为一片状局限灶性实变 ,随后病灶可增大 ,然后渐次吸收。(2 )广泛大片型 :6例 ,由早期单一局限片状病灶迅速发展为广泛大片状影(范围≥ 2个肺野 )。(3)间质肺纹型 :1 0例 ,主要表现为肺间质渗出性炎症 ,可有“粗网”、“细网”、“网点”之分。(4)多发混合型 :6例 ,早期即见肺内多发(病灶数目≥ 2个 )片状及结节状病灶或 /和与其它肺野的“网格状”及“网 -点状”阴影共在。结论 :X线检查是发现SARS的最基本的影像学检查方法。CT能更好地显示病变。在SARS的诊治过程中 ,影像学的“三有”与“三无”和实验室检查的“三高”与“三低”对诊断分型、分期有益 ,并有助于判断病情 ,指导治疗 ,估计预后     

反复呼吸道感染幼儿血铅水平及其对免疫系统的影响

目的：探讨幼儿反复呼吸道感染（RRTI）血铅水平分布与免疫系统机能变化的关系。方法：自2005．6～12月，从我院收治的RRTI幼儿中随机筛选80例病例，在RRTI发作期，用原子吸收分光光度法进行血铅测定，依照1991年美国疾病控制与预防中心（USCDC）制定的儿童铅中毒诊断分级标准。将受试病例分为6级；用流式细胞仪检测患儿T淋巴细胞亚群，B淋巴细胞亚群，NK细胞；用免疫比浊法测定免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM水平。对6组患儿进行常规加驱铅治疗，驱铅治疗满一个疗程，分别测定血铅水平，检测IgA、IgG、IgM，T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞亚群，NK细胞。结果：（1）80例受试病例治疗前血铅水平均在I～Ⅲ级之间，治疗后血铅水平均在I～Ⅱ级之间，病例分布随着血铅水平增高逐渐减少。（2）治疗前受试病例IgA、IgG、IgM，T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞样本均数分别进行F检验，其中IgA、IgG、T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞亚群四项免疫指标P〈0．05．存在差异，而IgM、NK细胞P〉0．05。不存在差异。（3）治疗前、后，血铅水平分别与对应的免疫指标IgA、IgG、T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞亚群进行相关分析，相关系数进行t检验，显示二者之间存在较明显的负相关（P〈0．05）。结论：（1）80例受试病例均处于铅暴露中，发作期血铅水平病例以I级居多。占63％，Ⅳ～Ⅵ级未见．近似于正偏态分布；治疗后，I级占96．25％，Ⅲ～Ⅵ级未见。（2）治疗前，患儿血铅水平增高，IgA、IgG、T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞亚群含量趋于降低，治疗后，血铅水平降低。以上四项免疫指标升高。说明幼儿患反复呼吸道感染与铅暴露及其所致的免疫机能抑制有关。     

浅谈运动、免疫与感染

近年来,有相当部分的教练员、队医、运动员感觉到大运动量训练和比赛后上呼吸道感染的发病率显著增加.因此,研究运动与上呼吸道感染之间的关系对运动员坚持大运动量训练和比赛中获取优异成绩有积极的作用.本文通过查阅大量资料,综述了上呼吸道感染的发生与运动、免疫之间的关系,对其发病机理进行了分析,并提出了可行的预防措施.     

Indirect measures of substrate utilisation following exercise-induced muscle damage

Abstract

This study investigated whether exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) resulted in changes to whole-body substrate utilisation during exercise performed during the subsequent 48 hours. Eight males (31±6 years) performed 30 minutes of bench-stepping exercise. One leg performed eccentric contractions (Ecc) by lowering the body whilst the control leg performed concentric contractions (Con) by raising the body. On the two days following bench-stepping exercise participants performed measures of muscle function on an isokinetic dynamometer and undertook a bout of one leg cycling exercise, at two differing workloads, with the first workload (WL1) at 1.5±0.25 W/kg and the second workload (WL2) at 1.8±0.25 W/kg with each leg. Expired respiratory gases were collected during cycling to estimate whole body substrate utilisation. There were significant decrements in measures of muscular performance (isometric force, concentric and eccentric torque) and increased perception of soreness in Ecc compared with Con (P < 0.05). The effect of the Ecc treatment on substrate utilisation during one-legged cycling revealed a significant trial×time interaction with higher rates of CHO oxidation in the Ecc condition compared with Con that were further increased 48 hours later (P = 0.02). A significant treatment×time×effort interaction (P < 0.01) indicated the effect of the treatment altered as workload increased with higher rates of CHO oxidation occurring in WL2. This is consistent with greater reliance upon muscle glycogen. Suggesting that in EIMD, reductions in strength and increased feelings of soreness can be associated with greater reliance upon intramuscular CHO oxidation, than lipid, during subsequent concentric work.     

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the pregnancy outcomes of women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs): a systematic review and meta-analysis

The global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to the suspension of most treatments with assisted reproductive technique (ART). However, with the recent successful control of the pandemic in China, there is an urgent public need to resume full reproductive care. To determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic had any adverse effects on female fertility and the pregnancy outcomes of women undergoing ART, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the electronic Chinese and English databases. Dichotomous outcomes were summarized as prevalence, and odds ratios (ORs) and continuous outcomes as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of bias and subgroup analyses were assessed using Stata/SE 15.1 and R 4.1.2. The results showed that compared with women treated by ART in the pre-COVID-19 time frame, women undergoing ART after the COVID-19 pandemic exhibited no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.19; I ²=0.0%), miscarriage rate (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.14; I ²=38.4%), embryo cryopreservation rate (OR 2.90, 95% CI 0.17 to 48.13; I ²=85.4%), and oocyte cryopreservation rate (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.03 to 3.65; I ²=81.6%). This review provided additional evidence for gynecologists to guide the management of women undergoing ART treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic timeframe.     

Clinical and immune response characteristics among vaccinated persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant: a retrospective study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to observe the clinical and immune response characteristics of vaccinated persons infected with the delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Yangzhou, China.MethodsWe extracted the medical data of 129 patients with delta-variant infection who were admitted to Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital (Yangzhou, China) between August and September, 2021. The patients were grouped according to the number of vaccine doses received into an unvaccinated group: a one-dose group and a two-dose group. The vaccine used was SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine developed by Sinovac. We retrospectively analyzed the patients’ epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data.ResultsAlmost all patients with delta-variant infection in Yangzhou were elderly, and patients with severe/critical illness were over 70 years of age. The rates of severe/critical illness (P=0.006), fever (P=0.025), and dyspnea (P=0.045) were lower in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group. Compared to the unvaccinated group, the two-dose group showed significantly higher lymphocyte counts and significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-dimer during hospitalization and a significantly higher positive rate of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies at admission (all P<0.05). The cumulative probabilities of hospital discharge and negative virus conversion were also higher in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group (P<0.05).ConclusionsTwo doses of the SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine were highly effective at limiting symptomatic disease and reducing immune response, while a single dose did not seem to be effective.     

女子400m运动员肺通气机能的适应性变化特征

通过对优秀女子 40 0m运动员和普通女子大学生递增负荷运动过程中肺通气机能变化特征的比较研究 ,结果表明 :进入工作状态阶段 ,实验组肺通气机能动员速度快于对照组 ;大负荷运动过程中 ,实验组呼吸类型呈深度性变化 ,而对照组则呈频率性变化 ,对照组RR快速增加是其TV抑制性变化的内在机制 ;递增负荷运动过程中 ,实验组TV增长速度始终大于对照组。     

SARS及其他几种冠状病毒密码子使用偏性的位点差异

分析了SARS冠状病毒以及其他5种冠状病毒基因编码起始区与终止区的密码子使用偏性.结果表明,冠状病毒基因组的稀有密码子倾向于出现在编码起始区和终止区附近.起始区的这种倾向性对冠状病毒基因的表达具有负性调控作用,可以用"稀有密码子调控假说"解释.终止区的这种倾向性表明,这些出现在终止区的稀有密码子对基因的表达也有负性调节作用.研究结果同时暗示了"稀有密码子调控假说"不仅适用于细菌,而且还适用于某些病毒基因组.     

对运动后上呼吸道感染发病机理的思考

运动员运动后 ,易患上呼吸道感染疾病 .本文试从运动过程中机体体温的变化特点和机体大强度运动后免疫能力下降两方面 ,对其发病机理进行了分析 ,并提出了可行的预防措施 .     

健身跑对大学生人体心肺功能影响的研究

采用跟踪调查的方法,对大学生总距离相同而锻炼形式不同的跑进行分析、比较.结果显示短跑、中跑、长跑对人体心肺功能影响存在不平衡.短跑对人体心肺功能影响很小,但中跑对呼吸系统功能、长跑对心血管功能影响明显.