长拳、太极拳对心肺功能和身体素质的影响

笔者通过查阅大量的文献资料 ,将长拳、太极拳对心肺功能和身体素质的影响进行了综合分析 ,许多研究表明 ,长拳、太极拳对心肺功能和身体素质有较大的影响 ,但这些研究的对象基本上都是儿童少年、优秀 (专业 )运动员和中老年人 ,对普通青年 (不经常进行体育锻炼的青年 )的研究较少 ,也不系统 ;为此 ,笔者提出应对普通青年进行这方面的系统研究     

膜蛋白三维结构研究的新突破——线粒体呼吸链膜蛋白复合物II结构解析

由清华大学-中科院生物物理所结构生物学联合研究小组完成的“线粒体呼吸链膜蛋白复合物II的晶体结构”研究成果以Article的方式发表在2005年7月1日出版的Cell上。本文介绍了该项成果的研究背景、意义、主要创新点及方法。     

北京地区SARS发病的气象流行病学研究

本文探索北京地区SARS发病例数与气象因子间的相关关系，建立关键气象因子与发病例数间的数学模型，并进行SARS疫情气象危险度预测和报警分级。应用SPSS统计软件，将SARS发病例数与998个气象因子进行双变量相关分析，再将密切相关的气象因子与发病例数进行多元线性回归分析，用逐步回归法求出回归方程。相关分析表明，SARS发病与前期气象因子相关程度由大到小排列依次为：平均相对湿度、气温（最低气温、最高气温、平均气温）、平均风速、平均降水量、平均气压、平均云量、平均日较差；其中与平均相对湿度、气温、平均降水量、平均云量为负相关，与平均风速、平均气压、平均日较差为正相关；逐步回归法筛选出回归方程为：Y=218.692 – 0.698X630 – 2.043X716 + 2.282X921，决定系数R2 =0.847；建立了SARS发病气象危险度5级预警模型。结论是SARS发病与前期气象因子存在明显的相关关系, SARS的流行特点有季节倾向性；最关键气象因子依次为X630（前第13至第17天平均气温）、X716（前第13至第17天平均相对湿度）、X921（前第9至第13天平均风速）；SARS最易流行的气象条件为：平均气温16.9℃（95% CI 10.7-23.1），平均相对湿度52.2%（33.0-71.4），平均风速2.8m·s-1（2.0-3.6）。     

水温对金鱼和神仙鱼呼吸频率的比较研究

在饲养水温为28℃、25℃、22℃、19℃、16℃时,水温对金鱼和神仙鱼的呼吸频率的影响均呈线性关系,其回归方程分别为Y=2.622X+43.911(R=0.853)和Y=5.178X-8.994(R=0.827),水温变化对神仙鱼呼吸频率的影响比金鱼明显。另外,28℃与25℃、25℃与22℃时金鱼和神仙鱼的呼吸频率差异不显著(P>0.05),而水温22℃与19℃、19℃与16℃的比较均差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Probiotics supplementation for athletes – Clinical and physiological effects

Abstract

Probiotic supplementation has traditionally focused on gut health. However, in recent years, the clinical applications of probiotics have broadened to allergic, metabolic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions. Gastrointestinal health is important for regulating adaptation to exercise and physical activity. Symptoms such as nausea, bloating, cramping, pain, diarrhoea and bleeding occur in some athletes, particularly during prolonged exhaustive events. Several studies conducted since 2006 examining probiotic supplementation in athletes or highly active individuals indicate modest clinical benefits in terms of reduced frequency, severity and/or duration of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. The likely mechanisms of action for probiotics include direct interaction with the gut microbiota, interaction with the mucosal immune system and immune signalling to a variety of organs and systems. Practical issues to consider include medical and dietary screening of athletes, sourcing of recommended probiotics and formulations, dose–response requirements for different probiotic strains, storage, handling and transport of supplements and timing of supplementation in relation to travel and competition.     

鸡传染性喉气管炎的防治

鸡传染性喉气管炎（Infectious Laryngotracheitis,ILT）是由疱疹病毒属A亚群病毒感染而引发的一种急性呼吸道传染性疾病。该病具有传染性快、死亡率高、淘汰率高等特点,给家禽育种和养殖带来了非常严重的经济损失。迄今为止,对该病的防治尚无有效的方法。借鉴广大兽医工作者丰富的临床禽病治疗经验,结合自身的实践,笔者提出了一套ILT的综合防治方案。该方案在养殖实践中取得了较好的效果。     

Development and validation of an individualized nomogram for early prediction of the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding in COVID-19 patients with non-severe disease

With the number of cases of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19) increasing rapidly, the World Health Organization(WHO) has recommended that patients with mild or moderate symptoms could be released from quarantine without nucleic acid retesting, and self-isolate in the community. This may pose a potential virus transmission risk. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the duration of viral shedding for individual COVID-19 patients. This retrospective multicentric study enrolled 135 patients as a training cohort and 102 patients as a validation cohort. Significant factors associated with the duration of viral shedding were identified by multivariate Cox modeling in the training cohort and combined to develop a nomogram to predict the probability of viral shedding at 9, 13, 17, and 21 d after admission. The nomogram was validated in the validation cohort and evaluated by concordance index(C-index), area under the curve(AUC), and calibration curve. A higher absolute lymphocyte count(P=0.001) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(P=0.013) were correlated with a shorter duration of viral shedding, while a longer activated partial thromboplastin time(P=0.007) prolonged the viral shedding duration. The C-indices of the nomogram were 0.732(95% confidence interval(CI): 0.685-0.777) in the training cohort and 0.703(95% CI: 0.642-0.764) in the validation cohort. The AUC showed a good discriminative ability(training cohort: 0.879, 0.762, 0.738, and 0.715 for 9, 13, 17, and 21 d; validation cohort: 0.855, 0.758, 0.728, and 0.706 for 9, 13, 17, and 21 d), and calibration curves were consistent between outcomes and predictions in both cohorts. A predictive nomogram for viral shedding duration based on three easily accessible factors was developed to help estimate appropriate self-isolation time for patients with mild or moderate symptoms, and to control virus transmission.     

Comparison of COVID-19 and influenza characteristics

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) not only poses a serious threat to the health of people worldwide but also affects the global economy. The outbreak of COVID-19 began in December 2019, at the same time as the influenza season. However, as the treatments and prognoses of COVID-19 and influenza are different, it is important to accurately differentiate these two different respiratory tract infections on the basis of their respective early-stage characteristics. We reviewed official documents and news released by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC), the United States CDC, and the World Health Organization(WHO), and we also searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica database(Embase), China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang, preprinted bioRxiv and medRxiv databases for documents and guidelines from earliest available date up until October 3 rd, 2020. We obtained the latest information about COVID-19 and influenza and summarized and compared their biological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathological mechanisms, treatments, and prognostic factors. We show that although COVID-19 and influenza are different in many ways, there are numerous similarities;thus, in addition to using nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and antibody-based approaches, clinicians and epidemiologists should distinguish between the two using their respective characteristics in early stages. We should utilize experiences from other epidemics to provide additional guidance for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.     

我国国家游泳集训队队员身体形态、呼吸机能及发育水平分析

为准确了解现阶段我国优秀游泳运动员的身体形态特点,特对2006年我国国家游泳集训队125名队员的身体长度、宽度、围度、皮褶厚度等28个形态指标和肺活量、一维重心、骨骼年龄3个指标进行了测试。测试发现：2006年集训队队员的体型更趋于游泳项目所要求的水中减阻的流线型体征;但队员躯干围度指标的发展趋势不利于降低形态阻力,提醒应通过有针对性的训练加以改善。男队员身体长度及其复合指标整体上均好于2004年队员;2006年队员的上臂肌力与呼吸机能有所下降;一维重心与未成年队员骨龄的测量,能为早期重点培养运动员提供科学依据。     

气体代谢指标监测健身快走能量消耗的实验研究

目的：通过测量健身快走运动中能量消耗特征揭示其变化情况,为大学生健身效果评价提供依据。方法：8名普通男大学生以6.5km/h匀速进行60min快走运动,采用气体代谢法测定并推算机体能量消耗状况。结果：1）25min时糖和脂肪二者供能百分比分别为50.7%、49.3%。2）脂肪供能量45min后快速增加,60min时值最高,糖供能量逐渐下降,结束为（1.47±0.57）Kcal/min·kg。3）糖氧化量前10min缓慢增长后减少,结束值为（0.29±0.12）g/min·kg,脂肪氧化量30min后快速提高,结束值为（0.87±0.06）g/min·kg,40min-45min出现均衡,为0.79g/min·kg。结论：1）25min时糖脂肪供能百分比形成交叉。2）供能百分比、供能量、氧化量随时间延长脂肪均大于糖。3）从能量代谢和底物代谢角度看,6.5km/h速度进行60min快走属中等强度,从长时间健身走供能关系来说对大学生健身有积极作用。