基于决策者偏好的正负靶心灰靶决策方法

基于已有的研究,在多属性灰靶决策中将决策者对某些属性指标取值的理想偏好和选择偏好所决定的正靶心扩展到负靶心。分析不同的属性值偏好对决策方案指标的影响,并采用广义灰靶决策的方法处理决策者的偏好。基于未一致规范化决策方案样本值矩阵确定正负靶心后,再将决策者偏好的属性值置换求得融入决策者属性值偏好的正负靶心指标值。然后求得各个决策方案的正负靶心距,并以各个方案到正负靶心综合靶心距离的贴近度作为方案的评价依据。算例分析表明,该方法能够有效地处理决策者对某些属性的指标值有不同偏好的情况,且使得决策结果客观。     

内化对信息素质教育的诠释

心理内化,对信息素质教育有着独特的功能和作用,内化的过程就是信息道德形成、信息知识获得、信息能力发展的过程;它具有理论依据,也符合人们的心理发展规律;应采取有效措施,促进认知、智能和知行这一内化的心理过程的实现。     

Gender and IT in the Household: Evolving Patterns of Internet Use in the United States

Information technology (IT)—computers and related technologies—is the latest technology to enter the household. Like other technologies, gender is a major factor in its adoption and use as well as its perceived usefulness. Unlike prior household technologies, the computer's entry into the household has followed a different pattern. Early statistics revealed a vast gender divide, with men using computers and related technologies much more in the household. More recent statistics show a narrowing of the divide, perhaps even a reversal, particularly in the United States, with women outnumbering men in the access to and use of the Internet. In this article, the role of gender and its relationship with Internet use in the home are reviewed. In addition to overall adoption and access, the review focuses on specific Internet applications and examines the factors that contribute to gender differences in adoption and use of computers and Internet applications in the home.     

从封闭创新到开放创新——顾客角色、价值及管理对策

通过对生产战略从大量生产到顾客化定制转变的讨论,描叙了企业逐渐向"顾客中心"转变,指出企业逐渐从"大试验室式"的"封闭式"创新走向了"开放式"创新.分析指出,在开放创新中顾客扮演着资源、共同创造者、用户的角色并与企业共同创造价值.提出了企业在新产品开发中有效利用顾客能力的方法和对策.     

新时期高校体育在社区体育中的作用

全民健身计划纲要的颁布与实施,把社区体育作为推动全民健身的发展重点。本文从分析我国社区体育现有的问题入手,探讨了高校体育在促进社区体育发展中所具备的各种优势,为社区体育的发展作贡献。     

政府在新能源投资系统中的角色——基于演化博弈的分析

运用演化博弈理论对政府在新能源投资系统中的角色进行分析,研究表明:无政府介入时,投资新能源群体终将消亡;若政府通过激励和改善投资环境的方式介入时,激励策略对投资者行为具有重要引导作用,但依赖于系统的初始投资概率;随着新能源投资环境的改善,政府激励策略发挥的作用逐渐变弱。结论的政策启示是:政府在新能源发展前期扮演着引导、扶持及改善投资环境的角色,随着新能源产业的逐步成熟,政府与市场角色应作适时的转换。     

维护马克思主义意识形态主导地位向度分析——兼论我国“普世价值”思潮的泛起

当前在思想舆论界广泛讨论的“普世价值”问题并不是一个单纯的学术问题,而主要是意识形态领域的斗争问题。“普世价值”思潮在我国的泛起是复杂国际国内背景下出现的一种争夺意识形态主导地位的现象,其实质是要改变我国政治发展的指导思想和社会主义方向。巩固马克思主义意识形态的阶级基础和经济基础,重新界定马克思主义意识形态的目标和功能,重建马克思主义意识形态的凝聚力,是维护马克思主义意识形态主导地位,回应“普世价值”思潮冲击的三个向度。     

教师在"以学生为中心"教学模式中的主导地位

“以学生为中心”的英语教学模式强调以学生为中心，课堂教学重点不再是语言知识的传授，而是学生的语言实践。学生由过去的被动接受者转变为学习任务的完成者、问题的发现者和学习目标的实现者。但是这并不意味着抹杀教师的作用，让课堂放任自流。相反，教师仍然是课堂教学的主导。     

Cultivation of taste and bounded rationality: Some computer simulations

One can approach the economics of the arts, as any field of applied economics, in either of two ways. First, one can treat economic theory and econometric technique as subjects settled by specialists in those fields, to be used in the ec onomics of the arts as they are given, very much as if one were studying the demand for maize. Alternatively, one can treat the economics of the arts as a field which may need and suggest its own developments in theory and technique, suitable to its spec ial problems and processes, from which general economic theory and econometric theory might in principle learn something. Perhaps this latter view is implausible, given the high state of development of economic theory and econometrics in the modern liter ature. Yet many of the advances embodied in these fields have come from particular areas of application-and the economics of maize has been a particularly fertile field.I am indebted to participants in the Seventh International Conference on Cultural Economics, Fort Worth, Texas, October 1992; to p articipants in the Seminar on the Economics of the Arts, Venice, Italy, December 1992; to participants in the conference of the Pennsylvania Economists' Association, Wiles-Barre, PA, June, 1993; to participants in the second conference on Simulating Soci eties, Siena, Italy, July 1993; to participants in the conference of the Society for the Advancement of Behavioral Economics, Rensselaerville, NY, August 1993; and to participants in the Third Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Economics and Manage ment, Portland, OR, August 1993, for useful comments on topics related to the research reported in this paper. Errors and omissions are, of course, attributable to the author.     

学校体育的历史发展与体育教师的角色演变

通过对我国学校体育发展历史的梳理,揭示了我国体育教师从教官一教练一教师的角色演变,提出了现代体育教师角色从“教”向“育”的发展取向。