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31.
橄榄球和抢花炮比赛在表现形式上极其相似,它们的发展现状却相差甚远。运用文献资料、比较研究、逻辑分析等研究方法对橄榄球和抢花炮的产生和发展进行对比研究,发现两者产生的体育文化及社会背景不同、普及程度不同、球员的比赛装备不同、比赛运作模式不同等,并对抢花炮的发展提出了以下建议:抢花炮应该保持民族特色,展现独特的文化魅力;逐步实现产业化发展,探索合适的经济模式,增强项目发展的内驱力;积极发挥高校的主导作用,进一步提高抢花炮训练与比赛的科学化水平;加强政府支持,积极发挥民间组织的作用。 相似文献
32.
浅析七人制橄榄球的竞训特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
师帅 《军事体育进修学院学报》2004,23(3):72-73
七人制橄榄球属于英式橄榄球，它具有独特的规律和特点。主要就七人制的比赛和训练中的重要环节提出个人的观点，希望能对球队的训练工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
33.
橄榄球运动具有团体性项目中最为激烈的对抗性,这导致橄榄球运动员出现运动损伤的风险是显著的,因此如何针对橄榄球运动损伤进行有效预防成为教练员和运动员们所关注的内容。该研究主要基于英语文献,对橄榄球项目的运动损伤特征、影响因素及监控策略进行了梳理与分析,研究表明:(1)橄榄球运动员的损伤类型、部位和严重程度具有明显的橄榄球专项特征,依据橄榄球运动员主要损伤类型、部位及严重程度采取针对性的预防措施能够降低球队的伤病风险;(2)橄榄球运动员运动损伤的影响因素主要包括伤病史、比赛与训练负荷、竞技水平、年龄与性别、接触动作、球员位置以及疲劳,依据运动损伤影响因素对训练和比赛过程进行合理控制能够减少运动损伤对球队整体竞技能力的影响;(3)橄榄球运动员的损伤监控策略主要包括运动损伤预筛查、建立运动损伤监测系统以及进行多学科合作参与,通过对橄榄球运动损伤监控策略的应用和探索可以从根源上提高橄榄球队的运动损伤监控效果。 相似文献
34.
Gregory J. Tierney Hamed Joodaki Tron Krosshaug Jason L. Forman Jeff R. Crandall Ciaran K. Simms 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(1):33-47
Player-to-player contact inherent in many unhelmeted sports means that head impacts are a frequent occurrence. Model-Based Image-Matching (MBIM) provides a technique for the assessment of three-dimensional linear and rotational motion patterns from multiple camera views of a head impact event, but the accuracy is unknown for this application. The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of the MBIM method relative to reflective marker-based motion analysis data for estimating six degree of freedom head displacements and velocities in a staged pedestrian impact scenario at 40 km/h. Results showed RMS error was under 20 mm for all linear head displacements and 0.01–0.04 rad for head rotations. For velocities, the MBIM method yielded RMS errors between 0.42 and 1.29 m/s for head linear velocities and 3.53–5.38 rad/s for angular velocities. This method is thus beneficial as a tool to directly measure six degree of freedom head positional data from video of sporting head impacts, but velocity data is less reliable. MBIM data, combined in future with velocity/acceleration data from wearable sensors could be used to provide input conditions and evaluate the outputs of multibody and finite element head models for brain injury assessment of sporting head impacts. 相似文献
35.
Background: There is a high incidence of concussion sustained by athletes participating in rugby union, many of which go unreported. A lack of sufficient knowledge about concussion injuries may explain athletes’ failure to report. Several rugby union-playing countries have developed injury education and prevention programmes to address this issue. Objective: The aim of the current review was to systematically assess the content and level of evidence on concussion education/prevention programmes in rugby union and to make recommendations for the quality, strength, and consistency of this evidence. Methods: We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscuss, Webofscience, and conducted a manual search for articles. Results: Ten articles were included for review. Of these, six focused on the BokSmart injury prevention programme in South Africa, two focused on the RugbySmart injury prevention programme in New Zealand, one was an analysis of prevention programmes, and one was a systematic review of rugby injury prevention strategies. Conclusions: Despite the initiative to develop concussion education and prevention programmes, there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of such programmes. There is evidence to support education of coaches and referees. In addition, there is scant evidence to suggest that education and rule changes may have the benefit of changing athlete behaviours resulting in a reduction in catastrophic injury. 相似文献
36.
Rugby union is a sport governed by the impacts of high force and high frequency. Analysis of physiological markers following a game can provide an understanding of the physiological response of an individual and the time course changes in response to recovery.
Urine and saliva were collected from 11 elite amateur rugby players 24 h before, immediately after, and at 17, 25, 38, 62 and 86 h post-game. Myoglobin, salivary immunoglobulin A and cortisol were analysed by ELISA, whereas neopterin and total neopterin were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
There was a significant post-game increase of all four markers. The increases were cortisol 4-fold, myoglobin 2.85-fold, neopterin 1.75-fold and total neopterin 2.3-fold when corrected with specific gravity. All significant changes occurred post-game only, with markers returning to and remaining at baseline within 17 h.
The intensity of the game caused significant changes in key physiological markers of stress. They provide an understanding of the stress experienced during a single game of rugby and the time course changes associated with player recovery. Neopterin provides a new marker of detecting an acute inflammatory response in physical exercise, while specific gravity should be considered for urine volume correction post-exercise. 相似文献
37.
以解决橄榄球司克兰技术在教学、训练中量化力量、防止颈部损伤及校正技术动作标准等为目的。运用机械工程设计法、力学试验、设计计算和加工制作,研制了用器械替代用人力的司克兰教学训练辅助器材。试验取得了关键技术参数,并对样机进行了实际应用检验。得出橄榄球队员的体重与推顶力具有二者相关关系和推顶力的置信范围,P<0.05;在1-α=95%的条件下,受力置信范围是可信的。验证了橄榄球司克兰推顶力设备具有技术性能可靠性和对提高橄榄球司克兰教学训练质量具有十分良好的效果。 相似文献
38.
橄榄球是对抗最激烈的球类项目,比赛时需要运动员在长时间激烈对抗中完成各种加速冲刺、传接球、撞击和顶推等复杂动作,运动员必需具备很好的速度耐力、力量耐力以及专项耐力,这对运动员的无氧供能体系提出了相当高的要求,而这些能力的提高和比赛间歇期的恢复又必须建立在良好的一般耐力水平基础之上,因此训练中应全面系统地提高有氧耐力、无氧耐力和力量耐力,以满足高强度比赛的要求。 相似文献
39.
Robin C. Jackson 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):803-814
Abstract This study examined the consistency of pre-performance routines in international rugby union goal kickers on kicks of varying difficulty and under different amounts of situational pressure. Concentration times and physical preparation times were calculated from video recordings of the 572 place kicks taken during the 1999 Rugby Union World Cup. In contrast to the view that performers should seek consistent pre-performance routine times, the results revealed a strong positive relationship between kick difficulty and concentration time. Analysis of the effect of situational pressure, determined by the difference in score before the kick, revealed that players tended to have longer concentration times and shorter physical preparation times when the scores were close. There were no differences between the best and worst kickers in the tournament on routine time, consistency or rhythmicity. The view that increasing the temporal consistency of a routine will result in improved performance is challenged. 相似文献
40.
A. W. S. Watson 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):131-140
The subjects were 31 successful schoolboy rugby players and 25 successful schoolboy hurlers; 34 non‐team members acted as controls. Thirty‐one anthropometric measurements were taken on each subject: height, weight, sitting height, five skeletal lengths, six skeletal diameters, 13 muscle circumferences and four skinfolds. The non‐players were significantly smaller than both the rugby players and the hurlers in weight, biacromial diameter, bideltoid, neck, chest, flexed arm, upper and lower thigh and calf circumferences. The non‐players were significantly smaller than the rugby players in arm length, femur diameter and waist, hip and relaxed arm circumferences. The non‐players were significantly smaller than the hurlers in femur length, biiliac and ankle diameters. There were no statistically significant differences between the rugby players and hurlers. Discriminant analysis produced a function containing terms for height, weight, fat free weight, humerus diameter and neck, bideltoid, forearm and calf circumferences which correctly assigned 83 (92%) of the subjects to ‘player’ and ‘non‐player’ categories. When the function was applied to the 15 members of the rugby team of a different school, 14 were placed in the ‘player’ category and one subject was given a borderline classification. It is concluded that there were differences in physique between the team members and non‐members and that the techniques used in the study were effective in quantifying them. 相似文献