Doping in sport: an analysis of sanctioned UK rugby union players between 2009 and 2015

To inform anti-doping policy and practice, it is important to understand the complexities of doping. The purpose of this study was to collate and systematically examine the reasoned decisions published by UK Anti-Doping for doping sanctions in rugby union in the UK since the introduction of the 2009 World Anti-Doping Code. Case files were content analysed to extract demographic information and details relating to the anti-doping rule violation (ADRV), including individuals’ explanations for how/why the ADRV occurred. Between 2009 and 2015, 49 rugby union players and one coach from across the UK were sanctioned. Over 50% of the cases involved players under the age of 25, competing at sub-elite levels. Reasons in defence of the ADRV focused on functional use and lifestyle factors rather than performance enhancement. An a priori assessment of the “need”, “risk” and “consequence” of using a substance was not commonplace; further strengthening calls for increasing the reach of anti-doping education. The findings also deconstruct the view that “doped” athletes are the same. Consequently, deepening understanding of the social and cultural conditions that encourage doping remains a priority.     

Football,Place, and Community in a New Zealand Mining Town, 1877–1939

Abstract

Resource towns (such as lumber camps, power plants, and mining towns) are by their very nature peripheral. They frequently exist in a space of isolation, not only geographically but also culturally as well. The South Island mining town of Kaitangata is a classic example of this process – an industrial, working class, and heavily migrant community positioned within an otherwise agricultural, conservation, and homogenous tract of rural New Zealand. Kaitangata, in the words of one writer, ‘possessed a unique character and pattern of social interaction’ that marked it out from its immediate environment. One way in which these differences manifested themselves was in the sporting activities of the town. In a part of the world where rugby union held absolute hegemony, the town broke the mould by also fielding teams in association football, rugby league, and even Australian Rules football (distinguishing itself as the only town outside of the provincial capital of Dunedin where these three sports obtained a foothold). This paper analyses how these sporting activities contributed to a unique sense of space, addressing themes including class, ethnicity, masculinity, and identity.     

关于加强海峡两岸体育交流合作的研究

海峡两岸的体育交往在不同程度上增加了解、消除隔阂、加深了友谊，但从两岸发展的需求来考虑，两岸体育交流合作的现状仍不尽人意。因此，选择适合两岸现状和民情的体育交往方式和沟通渠道，来促进两岸经贸往来与和平统一，就显得更加重要。     

考虑装船机联机作业的煤炭出口码头装船作业调度优化

为提高煤炭出口码头作业效率和服务水平,对装船作业调度进行优化。在考虑装船机联机作业的前提下,以最小化煤炭出口码头作业线运行能耗成本和船舶在港时间成本为目标,综合考虑作业流程约束和泊位、垛位和作业线的作业唯一性约束,建立混合整数规划模型,并设计基于仿真解码方案的遗传算法求解。用实例验证模型的可行性和算法的有效性。结果表明,研究成果可为具有工艺流程复杂、装船机联机作业等特点的煤炭出口码头装船作业调度问题提供较好的解决方案。     

我国期刊联合目录建设模式研究

依据期刊联合目录建设主体，现阶段我国图书馆期刊联合目录建设可划分为自由联合体模式、图书馆联盟发起模式、图书馆与数据商合作模式、国家文献中心模式、书目供应体模式和分布式模式等。本文分别以CSDL全国期刊联合目录、CALIS联合目录、CCC、NTSL和CASHL期刊目次库、cnpLINKer及汇文虚拟联合目录等为各种模式代表，并对各种模式联合目录文献收录情况、功能特点等进行了分析和评价。     

广东省大型企业两类管理体制职工体育活动比较研究

通过问卷、访谈调查和理论分析等研究方法,对广东省大型企业职工体育活动两类管理体制:体育公司管理、工会管理进行比较研究。指出:企业成立体育公司,对职工体育实行企业化管理在体育人口比例、管理人员、场馆设施、运作经费、自我投资意识及活动方式、活动人数、活动内容、活动效果上均优于工会负责职工体育的企业。企业工会管理职工体育的体制和运行机制已不适应市场经济条件下职工对体育多样化的需求。职工体育的最终出路是向完全的市场化、社会化方向发展。     

关于新形势下工会维权问题的思考

工会的主要职责是维护职工的合法权益。但在新形势下工会的“维权”问题面临着新的阻力和挑战。树立适应新形势的工会“维权”意识,强化职工和工会的自我维护。完善职代会制度,发挥上级工会的监督保证作用,抓好工会自身的改革和建设成为当务之急。     

More than Male-Gazing: Reflections on Female Fans of Rugby Union in New Zealand, 1870–1920

ABSTRACT

The presence of women in and around rugby union in New Zealand remains on the margins of the histories of the game of rugby and the more social and cultural histories that explore rugby’s impact on the formation of a New Zealand national identity. Yet, as this article demonstrates, women have long since engaged with rugby union in ways that may well have assisted in its ascendancy and ultimate claiming of the title of New Zealand’s national game. Through readings of newspapers, magazines, and club histories covering the period from the 1870s through to the Great War a picture emerges: women from both the middle and lower classes of New Zealand society supported the game of rugby as spectators, supporters, and fans. They did so in a manner that was sometimes acceptable but at other times regarded as distinctly inappropriate. In addition, women’s involvement was informal and localized – most obvious at the community level – and it is this feature that helps to explain women’s virtual invisibility in the histories of rugby union in New Zealand.     

‘Not everything that the bourgeois world created is bad’: aesthetics and politics in women workers' education

In this paper, I look into the papers of Fannia Cohn, an immigrant labour organizer, who served the Education Department of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) between 1918 and 1962 and became one of its few women vice-presidents. As an internationally recognized figure in the history of workers' education, Cohn left a rich body of labour literature, wherein art is central in the ways she conceptualized, designed and organized women workers' educational programmes and curricula, as well as cultural activities for more than 50 years. For Cohn, however, art and politics were tightly interwoven in what I have called the artpolitics assemblage of women garment workers' life and work. It is entanglements between ethics, aesthetics and politics, considered in the light of the Rancièrian notion of ‘the distribution of the sensible’, that I discuss in this paper.