The evidence for the impact of policy on physical activity outcomes within the school setting: A systematic review

BackgroundDespite the well-established health benefits of physical activity (PA) for young people (aged 4–19 years), most do not meet PA guidelines. Policies that support PA in schools may be promising, but their impact on PA behavior is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain the level and type of evidence reported in the international scientific literature for policies within the school setting that contribute directly or indirectly to increasing PA.MethodsThis systematic review is compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Six databases were searched using key concepts of policy, school, evaluation, and PA. Following title and abstract screening of 2323 studies, 25 progressed to data synthesis. Methodological quality was assessed using standardized tools, and the strength of the evidence of policy impact was described based on pre-determined codes: positive, negative, inconclusive, or untested statistically.ResultsEvidence emerged for 9 policy areas that had a direct or indirect effect on PA within the school setting. These were whole school PA policy, physical education, sport/extracurricular PA, classroom-based PA, active breaks/recess, physical environment, shared use agreements, active school transport, and surveillance. The bulk of the evidence was significantly positive (54%), 27% was inconclusive, 9% was significantly negative, and 11% was untested (due to rounding, some numbers add to 99% or 101%). Frequency of evidence was highest in the primary setting (41%), 34% in the secondary setting, and 24% in primary/secondary combined school settings. By policy area, frequency of evidence was highest for sport/extracurricular PA (35%), 17% for physical education, and 12% for whole school PA policy, with evidence for shared use agreements between schools and local communities rarely reported (2%). Comparing relative strength of evidence, the evidence for shared use agreements, though sparse, was 100% positive, while 60% of the evidence for whole school PA policy, 59% of the evidence for sport/extracurricular PA, 57% of the evidence for physical education, 50% of the evidence for PA in classroom, and 50% of the evidence for active breaks/recess were positive.ConclusionThe current evidence base supports the effectiveness of PA policy actions within the school setting but cautions against a “one-size-fits-all” approach and emphasizes the need to examine policy implementation to maximize translation into practice. Greater clarity regarding terminology, measurement, and methods for evaluation of policy interventions is needed.     

我国电子竞技用户特征的审视及优化路径研究

在数字化信息时代的推动下,电子竞技(以下简称"电竞")的产生与发展是必然的。电竞是新时代的产物,深受青少年的热爱。随着电竞产业的快速发展及中国战队在各项世界赛事上的优异成绩,电竞关注度也不断提升。我国的电竞发展速度迅猛,规模不断壮大,伴随网络经济飞速发展而出现的电竞运动正迎合了大众的需求[1],并且有众多的电竞用户支持,趋势还是不断地向好的方向发展。本文为探究近些年我国电竞行业的用户基本现状、用户特征及趋势等问题,采用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等归纳总结与数据分析。研究结果表明,近几年内电竞用户由男性为主力军,用学历户以本科及以下为主,多为年轻人且年龄呈上升趋势;电竞用户从一线城市扩散至四线城市等;电竞用户基本现状逐年递增,但增长速度减缓;分析其原因,并提出相应的提升策略与出路,以促进我国电竞的发展。     

“Supporting excellence in the arts: from measurement to judgement”

The DCMS paper “Supporting excellence in the arts”, also known as the McMaster Review, raised more questions than it answered in terms of how UK cultural policy is likely to develop in the future. Although many of its intentions are laudable, the report fails to resolve the inherent problems associated with defining, measuring and judging cultural “excellence”, even though this forms the core of McMaster's argument about how policy should develop. This may have significant implications for cultural institutions in the future.

In addition, many of the report's recommendations may either be contradictory or impractical in the current policy climate – such as the desire for institutions to take more risks whilst simultaneously increasing visitor numbers and meeting other targets. As such, without a wider change in the Government's approach and a re-acknowledgement of culture's intrinsic value, “excellence” may just become the latest buzzword for practitioners, rather than the key principle upon which future decisions will be based.     

国内期刊创业研究十年回顾与展望

国内创业研究近十年来发展迅猛,呈现出主题相融、理论深入、方法多元的局面,并根植于中国的情境,在主题和理论方面体现出一定特色。已有多位学者对国际期刊上的创业文献进行了总结,然而还鲜有文章对国内期刊创业研究进行全面综述。本文基于过去十年在30本国内管理类主流期刊发表的1 308篇创业文献进行系统分析,通过扎根编码方法,从研究主题、研究方法、相关理论等角度进行剖析,呈现出国内创业研究的全貌。最后,根据分析结果提出了一个整合的创业研究理论框架,并指出未来创业研究的发展方向。     

学术迹及其应用研究的综述

[目的/意义]综述目前学术迹在学术影响力评价中的应用研究。[方法/过程]从学术迹的概述、学术迹的相关指标、学术迹的应用与学术迹的缺陷及改进这4个方面系统地分析了学术迹作为新的指标体系在各学术主、客体学术影响力评价中的作用。[结果/结论]学术迹这一指标存在忽略论文合作现象、时效性差、评价不全面的缺陷,今后应加强和完善。     

新冠疫情期间我国体育学研究的特征及启示

本研究以体育学核心期刊中所载的抗疫文献为基础,对体育学抗疫研究特征进行分析.结论:在这场抗议战斗中,体育人积极贡献了学术智慧,从体育产业、学校体育、运动生理、居家锻炼、体育赛事、东京奥运会等方面,进行了较为详尽的研究,为解决疫情给体育带来的不利影响,共同推进体育研究和实践的进步,发挥了积极的作用.并提出了以疫情为背景的...     

Keep calm and carry on: moral panic,predatory publishers,peer review,and the emperor's new clothes

The moral panic over the impact of so-called predatory publishers continues unabated. It is important, however, to resist the urge to simply join in this crusade without pausing to examine the assumptions upon which such concerns are based. It is often assumed that established journals are almost sacrosanct, and that their quality, secured by peer review, is established. It is also routinely presumed that such journals are immune to the lure of easy money in return for publication. Rather than looking at the deficits that may be apparent in the practices and products of predatory publishers, this commentary invites you to explore the weaknesses that have been exposed in traditional academic journals but are seldom discussed in the context of predatory publishing. The inherent message for health and medical services staff, researchers, academics, and students is, as always, to critically evaluate all sources of information, whatever their provenance.     

近年来颜元教育思想研究综述

近几年,颜元教育思想的研究成绩斐然。学者们围绕颜元教育思想的诸多问题进行了深入的研究和探讨,提出了若干有建设性的见解。对近年来颜元教育思想的研究作一总结和述评,对推动这项研究的发展,会有所裨益。     

20世纪90年代以来成人教育管理理论研究

成人教育管理理论研究在20世纪90年代呈现出新的发展态势。从研究现状和研究趋向两方面梳理并反思这一理论研究的发展,以期能够推进成人教育管理理论研究的深化发展。     

涅槃的凤凰--新时期的启蒙主义述评

新时期的启蒙主义经历了从“政治启蒙”到“文化启蒙”再到“诗意启蒙”的流变。启蒙的指向逐渐由外而内(即由“政治层”、“制度层”逐渐转向“精神层”、“文学层”)并最终指向启蒙本身,启蒙的姿态逐渐由贵族式、霸权式转向平民式、对话式。