长期运动训练对优秀女子中长跑运动员睾酮、皮质醇和睾酮／皮质醇比值的影响

观察长期运动训练对女子中长跑运动员的睾酮、皮质醇及睾酮/皮质醇比值变化的影响。对10名优秀女子中长跑运动员两年训练中的5个时间点的睾酮、皮质醇进行测试,实验方法为放射免疫法。女子中长跑运动员等级有提高的趋势;血清睾酮水平有下降再上升的趋势;皮质醇有下降的趋势;下降变化在整个时期内出现统计学意义,实验前后运动队睾酮/皮质醇比值有下降再上升的趋势。在长期训练时,优秀女子中长跑运动员机体出现对运动负荷不适应到适应的过程。     

Stress hormonal analysis in elite soccer players during a season

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in some hormonal parameters (cortisol, testosterone, ratio of testosterone/cortisol (T/C)) in professional soccer players during a season.MethodsFifteen professional players from a soccer club of the first division of the Greek soccer league participated. All sport medical examinations were conducted four times: before the re-building period, post re-building period, mid-season, and after finishing the competition phase.ResultsFor testosterone, significant differences were observed between the end season and post re-building period (11.6%; p < 0.05) and mid-season (12.1%; p < 0.05). The cortisol concentration increased at mid-season by approximately 23%, and this change differed significantly from all other measurements for this hormone. The T/C ratio increased at the post re-building period and decreased at the middle of the season.ConclusionThese hormones and their ratios could be used as stress and recovery state indicators. Coaches can use these parameters in combination with other indicators to optimize workloads, and to avoid overreaching and overtraining.     

Salivary cortisol and testosterone responses to high-intensity cycling before and after an 11-day intensified training period

Abstract

This study examined salivary cortisol and testosterone responses to two, different high-intensity, ～30-min cycles separated by 2 h rest before and after an 11-day intensified training period. Twelve recreationally active, healthy males completed the study. Saliva samples were collected before, immediately after and 30 min after both bouts with salivary cortisol and testosterone concentrations assessed. Compared with pre-training blunted exercise-induced salivary cortisol, testosterone and cortisol/testosterone responses to both bouts post-training were observed (P < 0.05 for all). Comparing pre- with post-training the absolute exercise-induced salivary cortisol, testosterone and cortisol/testosterone decreased from 11.1 to 3.1 and 7.0 to 4.4 nmol · L^?1 (cortisol), from 407 to 258 and from 473 to 274 pmol · L^?1 (testosterone) and from 12 to 4 and 7 to 5 (cortisol/testosterone) for the first and second bouts, respectively (P < 0.05). No differences in the pre- and post-training rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) responses during the cycles or times to fatigue were found (P > 0.05). Fatigue and Burnout scores were higher post- compared with pre-training (P < 0.05).

These high-intensity exercise bouts can detect altered hormonal responses following intensified training. This test could assess an athlete's current hormonal status, reductions in salivary cortisol and testosterone responses suggestive of increased fatigue.     

Right–left digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts free testosterone levels associated with a physical challenge

Abstract

There is evidence that the digit ratio (2D:4D) is a negative correlate of prenatal levels of testosterone, but there is no association between 2D:4D and the circulating levels of both total and free testosterone. Sports provide a physical challenge and participants often show increased levels of free testosterone immediately preceding and during competition. We tested this hypothesis of a link between 2D:4D and testosterone under challenge in 79 professional rugby players using the following procedures; (i) 25 players were physically challenged using a repeated sprint agility test, and saliva samples were assayed for testosterone immediately preceding the repeated sprint agility test (time 1) and 5 minutes (time 2) and 20 minutes after completion of the repeated sprint ability (time 3); (ii) 54 players were also tested for salivary testosterone in an unchallenged condition. We found that right-left 2D:4D was significantly and negatively related to testosterone concentrations at times 1, 2 and 3 following the repeated sprint agility test (P < 0.05) and there was no association between the 2D:4D and basal testosterone levels in the unchallenged group. We suggest that low right–left 2D:4D is a predictive marker of free testosterone responsiveness when trained men are physically challenged, and that this association is programmed by the action of prenatal testosterone.     

大鼠一次性力竭运动后血浆睾酮的变化及变化机制

用大鼠作为实验对象,观察一次性力竭运动对血浆睾酮的影响;同时对这种形式下运动对血浆睾酮的变化机制作了初步探讨。发现一次性力竭运动后血浆睾酮显著下降,但黄体生成素变化不大。用肾上腺素胸腔注射使大鼠心率持续升高1h,血浆睾酮无显著性变化。大鼠进行1h 力竭性运动时,下丘脑—腺垂体轴的功能及睾酮代谢廓清率变化不大。血浆睾酮的下降可能与运动时睾丸分泌机能下降有关。     

运动对血睾酮的影响

本文采用文献资料法，阐述了血睾酮的生理作用、调节机制以及对运动能力的影响和运动训练对血睾酮水平的影响，分析了血睾酮与人体的运动能力，肌肉力量的增长，疲劳的消除和促进恢复的相互关系，提出在运动过程中要针对不同运动项目的专项特点、不同对象的运动水平，合理的安排运动强度和运动密度，以提高机体的运动能力。     

力量对抗性项目运动员口服支链氨基酸效果观察

选取10名男子柔道运动员为研究对象（年龄为19．0±2．91岁），采用双盲法，在冬训期间口服含或不含支链氢基酸（BCAA）特制饮料近8周后，观测其唾液睾酮、大腿等速肌力及肝功等3项指标的变化情况。分析结果认为：1）对于力量对抗性项目运动员，在大运动量训练期间，适量补充BCAA一定时期后，可使唾液睾酮含量更明显地增加，血清GPT活性明显下降，并可很好地维持大腿肌肉力量。2）在一定时期内合理补充BCAA的方法安全有效，对肝脏功能无不良影响，在改善机体睾酮水平、提高机体的适应能力及消除疲劳能力方面，有明显的应用价值。另外，建议就BCAA补充的最佳剂量及其对中枢神经递质和下丘脑神经激素的影响机制做进一步的研究。     

益气养阴补肾方剂对雄性大鼠大负荷游泳训练后血清及睾丸组织睾酮水平的影响

为了探究中药益气养阴补肾方剂对运动训练导致的低血睾酮的作用,将40只雄性 SD大鼠随机分为安静对照组、训练对照组、训练补充丙酸睾酮组与训练补充中药组,进行为期6周的对比实验。结果显示:益气养阴补肾方剂可明显改善运动训练导致雄性大鼠低血睾酮水平,其机制可能是益气养阴补肾方剂通过提高血清 LH 水平刺激睾丸间质细胞进而增加了睾丸组织中睾酮的合成与分泌。     

大鼠急性运动后自由基引发的脂质过氧化对血清睾酮的影响

本实验分别在大鼠长时间衰竭跑后即刻、半小时、1小时、3小时及24小时同时检测了血清睾酮、黄体生成素、睾丸组织脂质过氧化产物丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶。结果表明,大鼠衰竭跑后30分种,伴随着睾丸组织MDA含量的明显升高及SOD活性的显著降低,血清T水平也明显降低。分析认为:长时间衰竭跑后血清T浓度的降低与LH的水平无依从关系,但很可能与缺血——再灌引起睾丸组织氧自由基剧增及脂质过化损伤,从而降低了酶的活性和抑制了T的合成有关;氧自由基清除剂能减轻和预防该损伤,并能有效地抑制运动后血清T的降低。     

Change of Salivary Testosterone of Racers after Training Sessions of Different Loading Volume

Salivary testosterone of sprinters and long distance runners be fore and after training sessions and during the recovery period was measured. The study found that salivary testosterone of sprinters significantly decreased after large and medium training loads, and returned to original level after l2 hours. Salivary tesosterone of long distance runners increased after small loading volume, but significant1y decreased after 1arge and medium loading vo1ume, and returned to original level after 6 hours.Change of salivary testosterone of men in a day showed certain regularity, being high in the morning and low in the afternoon. The change of salivary testosterone observed in this study was caused by exercise.