The key to success in elite athletes? Explicit and implicit motor learning in youth elite and non-elite soccer players

In sports, fast and accurate execution of movements is required. It has been shown that implicitly learned movements might be less vulnerable than explicitly learned movements to stressful and fast changing circumstances that exist at the elite sports level. The present study provides insight in explicit and implicit motor learning in youth soccer players with different expertise levels. Twenty-seven youth elite soccer players and 25 non-elite soccer players (aged 10–12) performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT). In the SRTT, one of the sequences must be learned explicitly, the other was implicitly learned. No main effect of group was found for implicit and explicit learning on mean reaction time (MRT) and accuracy. However, for MRT, an interaction was found between learning condition, learning phase and group. Analyses showed no group effects for the explicit learning condition, but youth elite soccer players showed better learning in the implicit learning condition. In particular, during implicit motor learning youth elite soccer showed faster MRTs in the early learning phase and earlier reached asymptote performance in terms of MRT. Present findings may be important for sports because children with superior implicit learning abilities in early learning phases may be able to learn more (durable) motor skills in a shorter time period as compared to other children.     

Multivariate analyses of individual variation in soccer skill as a tool for talent identification and development: utilising evolutionary theory in sports science

The development of a comprehensive protocol for quantifying soccer-specific skill could markedly improve both talent identification and development. Surprisingly, most protocols for talent identification in soccer still focus on the more generic athletic attributes of team sports, such as speed, strength, agility and endurance, rather than on a player’s technical skills. We used a multivariate methodology borrowed from evolutionary analyses of adaptation to develop our quantitative assessment of individual soccer-specific skill. We tested the performance of 40 individual academy-level players in eight different soccer-specific tasks across an age range of 13–18 years old. We first quantified the repeatability of each skill performance then explored the effects of age on soccer-specific skill, correlations between each of the pairs of skill tasks independent of age, and finally developed an individual metric of overall skill performance that could be easily used by coaches. All of our measured traits were highly repeatable when assessed over a short period and we found that an individual’s overall skill – as well as their performance in their best task – was strongly positively correlated with age. Most importantly, our study established a simple but comprehensive methodology for assessing skill performance in soccer players, thus allowing coaches to rapidly assess the relative abilities of their players, identify promising youths and work on eliminating skill deficits in players.     

蔬菜栽培课程产学合作教育的实践与思考

选择具有日光温室、塑料大棚、中棚及露地等多种生产方式，蔬菜种类较多，面积较大，种植蔬菜历史较长，交通便利的村寨作为蔬菜栽培课程产学合作教育的基地。把学生分配到农户，每户3～4名学生为一组，与蔬菜生产实际紧密结合，让学生接受培养土的配制，种子处理与播种，苗床管理，定植，田间管理及嫁接育苗等环节的训练。结果表明：学生获得了两个层面的训练。在第一个层面上，学生熟练掌握了蔬菜栽培基本环节的技术要求和要领，动手能力得到明显提高，培养了学生的基本技能；在第二个层面上，学生掌握了蔬菜设施栽培、无公害生产综合配套等高层次技术，培养了学生综合技术应用能力。今后应特别注意学生和生产者(企业或农户)的双向参与，信息的双向传递，学校与生产者(或企业或农户)双赢，以及培养学生创新能力即第三个层面的训练。     

学风建设深层问题的几点思考

高校学风建设要以学生为中心，一切从学生的根本利益出发，对学生全面负责。通过深化教育教学改革，充分调动学生学习的积极性、主动性、创造性并培养学生优良的道德品质是学风建设的根本目的。     

中国基础研究类高层次科技人才流动特征分析 ——以环境领域为例

探寻我国基础研究类科技人才,尤其是高层次科技人才的流动特征和规律,对于制定我国基础研究类科技 人才发现、培养和发展的政策具有重要意义。本文以环境领域国家杰出青年科学基金获得者为研究对象,对中国该领 域基础研究类高层次科技人才的机构流动和国别流动特征进行分析。基于马斯洛需求理论,进一步对不同动机产生的 人才流动所对应的年龄分布进行探讨,为我国基础研究类高层次科技人才的政策制定提供参考和借鉴。     

初中信息技术课教学中合作学习模式的运用与探索

本文通过作者在初中信息技术课的教学实践，探讨了初中信息技术课的教学现状与意义，通过归纳、总结与分析，在新课标下实现初中信息技术课程总目标是提升学生信息素养的一种有效学习模式：合作学习的组织、实施和应注意的问题。同时指出通过信息技术课的学习能够锻炼和培养学生提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力，提高了学生的创新能力，促进其它学科的学习。     

慎言教育家

教育家作为对教育本质有深刻体悟、对教育信念有执着追求、对教育事业卓有建树的教育及文化大师，是教育精神和品格的活的标本和示范。在教育家的称号中聚集了社会对纯洁、高尚、正义、良知、文明等美德和理性的期待和寄托，对其指称应该谨慎而恰当，切奠误用和滥用，以维护教育家称号必须的纯洁性和珍贵性。     

散打拳法连击技术的宏观分析

从理论上讲,任意两种或多种拳法之间都可以组合。受传统武术思想的影响,在散打运动员的训练与竞技实践中,拳法连击未能得到人们足够的重视。拳法组合连击技术的进攻形式是非常繁多的,且具有腿法所达不到的高度机动性,灵活快速的攻击是拳法组合连击技术的重要特点之一。     

提高劳动者素质技能是经济发展的根本

传统的观点将生产力定为经济和社会发展的根本，这是有其时代合理性的，但其局限也相当明显，特别是在涉及经济与教育的关系上表现得尤为突出。生产力是劳动素质技能的社会表现，提高劳动社会经济地位是提高其素质技能的保证，劳动素质技能的提高是经济发展的根本。发展教育是提高劳动素质技能的主要途径。     

运用交际策略提高英语口语能力

本针对英语学习口语弱化的现象，提出了学习和运用交际策略提高英语口语的办法。