在教学中培养大学生创造性思维能力

通过对大学生思维发展特点和高校人文环境的分析，提出应培养学生创造性思维能力，并提出了培养的方法。     

Pedagogical practices of NetNZ teachers for supporting online distance learners

A supportive online learning environment entails teachers using effective pedagogical practices to meet the needs of their students and developing a positive teacher–student relationship to foster learner motivation and engagement. This paper reports a study investigating how 32 secondary teachers in New Zealand taught their online distance classes and how they related to their students. These classes were administered by NetNZ, an online distance education community. An online survey conducted in 2016 found that NetNZ teachers used inquiry-based practices including flipped learning and knowledge-building pedagogies to support agency, autonomy, collaboration, and community development. They also used synchronous and asynchronous communication technologies to overcome barriers of relationship building in online settings. NetNZ was unique in delivering distance education in the New Zealand context in that it used a community approach to encourage a more active participation of its member schools and teachers in delivering distance courses to secondary students.     

美国新教师发展与培养的原则及启示

阐述了美国培养新教师的教育方案和原则及对我国新教师培养的启示。     

Rethinking researcher–teacher roles and relationships in educational action research through the use of Nel Noddings’ ethics of care

ABSTRACT

Action research approaches have evolved out of a criticism of previous research traditions, where teachers have been seen as research objects, at risk of being marginalized. Such approaches have also arisen out of the view that teaching, learning, and educational research are interrelated. In action research, teachers are seen as professionals, raising their status to subjects, conducting own research. The research is carried out with or by people rather than on someone, which changes the roles and relationships. Ethical dilemmas can arise, especially evident in action research, where the distinctions between researcher and researched are blurred or removed altogether. This paper aims to explore the changing roles and relationships between researchers and teachers in action research through a philosophical analysis based on the writings of Nel Noddings, especially the concept of ethics of care. The analysis creates an opportunity for a rethinking of researcher–teacher roles, focusing on responsibility and knowledge as well as reciprocity and communication. Based on the author’s own action research experiences, various dilemmas are discussed. Obstacles to and opportunities for developing caring relationships between researchers and teachers will also be highlighted. The implications of the study include valuing both researcher and teacher expertise and learning to understand each other’s perspectives as well as giving tailored care. It is also vital to find strategies to contextualize and enact these views and beliefs within the researcher–teacher relationship. Neither researchers nor teachers will have total control over the process, as they stay open to each other’s perspectives and needs based on a caring relationship.     

Novice teachers’ learning and knowledge building during the induction programme

This paper explores the Estonian novice teachers’ learning and knowledge building (LKB) practices in the extended professional community during the induction programme using well-known knowledge conversion model. The assumption in this study is that a teachers’ participation in the extended professional community facilitates their professional development. The survey was conducted with 101 novices after their induction programme. The patterns of novices’ LKB practices in the professional learning community during the induction programme were explored. The analysis showed to what extent extended professional community may be formed during the induction year. LKB practice patterns among the novices were identified. We discovered that many novices felt that there was insufficient support from other teachers and from university experts. It appears that it is challenging to develop a coherent induction programme as the extended professional community of educators, where different partners collaborate and share professional knowledge is challenging.     

A narrative inquiry into the fostering of a teacher-principal’s best-loved self in an online teacher community in China

This study revolves around an organically lived online community of Chinese elementary teachers. The teachers shared their reflective journals and engaged in conversations with the facilitators and also with their peers. Following one participant’s postings over a span of thirteen months helped the research team to narratively explore how the teacher, through reflections and interactions with his other fellow community members, refined his personal practical knowledge and cultivated his best-loved self as a teacher-principal in a rural school in China that lacked learning resources. Highlighted in the discussions are how the participant integrated his personal being with his professional being and eventually became the teacher he wanted to be. This research study adds to the literature about teachers as agents of change. This knowledge contribution, among others related to technology, shows how professional development and the development of teacher identity can be promoted in online teacher knowledge communities. Implications for teacher education are also discussed.     

美国教师专业化的原因分析

20世纪80年代美国提出了教师专业化口号,其原因是多方面的,如经济的衰落引发的教育和人才反思、科学教学的兴起等,但主要还是起因于教师职前教育不到位、聘用要求不严以及职后培训质量不高所造成的教师专业水平低等。     

试论科学课教师专业化发展的知识结构

从显性知识与隐性知识的角度构建科学课教师的知识结构,可以为科学课教师的职前培养和职后培训课程内容的制定找到理论的依据,有助于科学课教师把理论知识有效地运用到教学实践中,促进科学课教师专业化的实现。我们应既重视科学课教师显性知识的建构,同时也应挖掘和构建科学课教师的隐性知识,让教师在显性知识和隐性知识的比较和转换中,形成具有个性特征的知识结构。     

论基于问题学习的教师观--兼论我国新课程实施中教师角色的变化

基于问题的学习不仅引起了教学观、学习观的深刻变革 ,也引起了教师观的革命性转变 ,并且这种转变也是与我国新课程改革中所倡导的教学观、学习观、教师观一脉相承的。它倡导的教师角色行为包括营造学习共同体、创设问题情境、激活已有知识、发挥支架作用、引导问题后的反思 ,提出的合格教师的能力涉及学科能力和学习指导技能。