美国俚语的产生及其社会功能探析

俚语是相当特殊的言语形式,它既有别于语法不规范的用语,又不同于乡下用语,更不是亵渎言语。尽管传统的观念认为俚语与正式场合下使用“体面”标准方言形式相去甚远,但在日常生活的交际中爱用俚语不乏其人,现代美国俚语得到了很好的发展。各种亚文化群体的存在是它产生的主要条件,它反映美国社会生活的方方面面。而今俚语的“创造和消费”日益风行,其社会功能愈来愈重要．     

创新环境的形成是振兴地区经济的关键

在当今的全球化进程中,竞争力的来源是知识和创新。区域经济假如墨守成规而不能创新,则很容易在高度竞争中失败。而区域的创新活动,既需要长期的知识和经验累积,并使之成为当然和常规化的“隐形知识”,同时也需要透过厂商之间的网络关系建立信任,转化既有知识加以创新,而这些更需要社会制度及创新环境的配合和支持。     

创业选择的经济学分析

理性的创业者具有经济人的本性:趋利避害,追求利益最大化。创业收益大于创业成本是创业者热心创业的主要原因。预期收入是创业者创业的重要诱因。社会收益是创业者在“看不见的手”引导下贡献给社会的财富,也是创业家们回报给社会提供的创业环境的酬金。创业环境越好,社会收益越大。成本是创业进入的壁垒,成本高创业的障碍就大。机会成本影响创业抉择,机会成本与创业的可能性间呈逆向关系。     

军队后勤管理绩效影响因素的探讨

高技术条件下的军事变革使军队后勤向"大后勤"延伸,军队后勤管理对象更为复杂,管理工作也出现了许多新情况、新问题和新特点。军队后勤管理绩效是"保障有力"的关键所在,而提高军队后勤管理绩效是一个非常复杂的过程。探讨军队后勤管理绩效影响因素旨在找出我军后勤管理存在的问题,缩小与发达国家军队尤其是潜在敌军后勤管理之间的差距,促进后勤质量建设,确保为"打得赢"提供强有力的后勤保障。     

新时代中原特色体育产业发展研究*

新时期我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，这将对体育产业发展提出更高的要求。现阶段，河南省体育产业现状还不能满足人民日益增长的健身需要。因此，我们应理清现阶段体育产业发展的主要矛盾并积极探索体育产业创新发展的路径，为缓解新时期社会主要矛盾而贡献体育智慧。 采用文献资料法、专家咨询法、实地调查法、逻辑推理等研究方法，深入探析现阶段河南省体育产业发展现状与人民日益增长的健身需要还存在的矛盾，并在充分认识河南省体育产业发展优势、理清体育产业发展的矛盾基础上，提出中原特色体育产业创新发展路径：积极推进中原特色“体育+旅游”融合发展模式，满足人民群众体育旅游需求；大力发展中原特色户外健身休闲产业，满足人民群众的休闲健身需求；以中原特色体育竞赛活动带动体育产业发展，满足群众观赏赛事需求；积极建设中原特色传统体育文化传承核心区，带动传统体育文化产业发展，满足人民群众的体育文化精神需求；合理开发公共体育服务场地资源，满足人民群众健身场地需求；积极培育社会性组织管理体系，缓解政府体育组织管理体系管理职能压力。     

回顾与前瞻:用社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的有效途径

自党的十七大提出积极探索用社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的有效途径以来,学术界对此给予了极大的关注,并围绕着提出的必要性、有效途径和制度保障三个部分进行了广泛的研究,取得了丰硕的成果。但还存在着如:基础研究薄弱、宣传解读性成果较多;不同理论观点缺乏碰撞与争鸣等,这些问题还有待于进一步深化和拓展。     

Restorative Practice in New Zealand Schools: Social development through relational justice

This article proposes that restorative justice practices (RJPs), as used in New Zealand schools, are better understood as an instrument of social development than a behaviour management practice. Concerns about the achievement of Māori students are relocated, from an individualised psychological and pedagogical problem to an interdisciplinary context of historical and social development. Social constructionist theory is suggested as a lens through which RJPs in schools may be seen as the intentional production of respectful social relationships, rather than as behaviour management. A restorative process has the productive capacity to restore healthy relational functioning, both for those who have been offended against and those who have offended. It is argued that the primary function of restorative justice in schools is not about resolving specific conflicts, but rather, about the production and maintenance of respectful relationship, which is the antithesis of colonised relationship. Such a position reflects accountability on a communal, rather than individualised basis, and accords with recent moves in the United Nations Development Programme to look at Human Development as building agentive capacity.     

Community differences in the implementation of Strong Communities for Children

In 1993, the U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect recommended a neighborhood-based strategy to prevent child abuse and neglect. The Board further recommended the development of Prevention Zones to allow for testing of the effectiveness of community-wide child protection efforts in neighborhoods of differing population density, ethnic and cultural composition, and social and economic resources. Following the Board's recommendation, this article presents the results of a trial of the effectiveness of a neighborhood-based strategy in low- and high-resource communities. Using management, survey, and administrative data, the research showed that both community types experienced declines in founded cases of and injuries suggesting child maltreatment for children under age 5. Low-resource communities experienced greater levels of mobilization, as measured by community and institutional engagement, and a greater number of positive outcomes related to changes in the quality of life for families and community norms relative to child and family well-being. In particular, the low-resource communities experienced the largest increases in receiving help from neighbors, neighboring, perceived household safety for neighborhood children, and observed positive parenting. High-resource communities experienced greater increases in intermediate outcomes related to self-reported parenting practices. The findings suggest that, ultimately, community mobilization can occur and be an effective means of preventing child maltreatment across community types. It appears, however, that community mobilization may play a more significant role in low-resource communities.     

现代大学制度重构:公共性、公益性、私益性的冲突与整合

现代社会知识已经渗透到社会生产和生活的各个方面,作为知识生产、传播和应用的高等教育,已经从社会边缘进入社会中心,使得高等教育的公共性、公益性与私益性发生了新的变化,这些变化反过来又影响高到等教育的发展:公共性的增强提升了高等教育的地位和影响力,挑战着大学的传统与精神;公益性的增强使得社会更为关注高等教育公平;而私益性的增强则使高等教育成本分担日趋复杂化。现代大学制度重构需要从高等教育社会产品的生产、分配与消费去思考大学制度的逻辑框架。     

‘When words don't come easily’: personal narratives from adolescents experiencing shyness as an emotional and behavioural problem in the school context

The purpose of this article is to present narratives from 15 adolescents experiencing shy behaviour as an emotional and behavioural problem in the school context in light of narrative understanding. The investigation is intended to generate knowledge about this largely under‐researched phenomenon based on the personal accounts of those who are actually experiencing it. Their narratives are the foundation for a discussion regarding implications for future practice in the context of school in relation to this group.