视力康复背景下体育锻炼与儿童动态视力关系研究及启示

目的：探讨动态视力在不同类型体育项目间的发展特征,为体育锻炼改善视力的应用研究提供依据。方法：选取6~10岁无专门体育训练经历的在校学生和参加足球、乒乓球、跆拳道、空手道、游泳、体操等项目的俱乐部或体校学生,共603名。使用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力灯箱测量动态视力和静态视力。计算动静比（动态视力/静态视力）,并将其作为衡量动态视力发展水平的指标。结果：6~7岁是动态视力发展的敏感期（P＜0.05）,8岁、10岁男性儿童的动静比高于女性儿童,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。校外体育练习组的动静比高于普通在校学生组（P＜0.05）,开放性运动项目的动静比高于闭锁性运动项目（P＜0.05）。结论：参加体育锻炼对动态视力的发展有积极的影响,且不同运动项目的影响效果不同。     

日本专门学校的现状与发展趋势

专门学校是日本最典型的市场化模式的高等职业教育机构,以私立小规模学校为主,长期处于日本学校体制之外,没有制度上的支撑,完全依靠教育以及人才市场才得以存在与发展.经过几十年努力,专门学校在总体规模上成为仅次于大学的高等教育机构.通过对专门学校的历史、现状、特点、问题以及发展趋势的考察分析,可以发现,适应教育市场及人才市场需求,不断自律、取信于社会并争取政府支持,是专门学校不断发展的主要原因.     

论语文教科书练习题设计的价值取向——以人教版、苏教版、台湾版教科书中 《核舟记》《愚公移山》为例

在《核舟记》《愚公移山》两篇课文练习题的设计上,人教版、苏教版注重练习题内容的覆盖面和文言基础知识的学习,单一性、封闭性题目居多,题目总量偏少;台湾版没有文言基础知识及背诵的题目,多设计聚焦式、综合式、开放式的题目,题目总数多。设计练习题的主要目的是为了引导教学和学生的学习,其价值取向应是提升学生的语文素养。这就引发我们思考:怎样设计练习题的内容、形式、层级和数量,才能达到这一目标。     

论高考物理能力理论与命题导向

我国高考物理能力理论忽视抽象和概括的取向,造成了命题的习题化倾向,这在一定程度上导致我国基础物理教育形成了"题海战术"现象。基于此,提出了新的物理能力理论,论述了运用原始问题考查学生物理能力的有效性,这不仅在一定意义上有助于高考物理命题的改进,而且为物理教育的改革提供了有益的启示。     

山区农特产品品牌创建的必要性及特殊性分析

伴随着生活水平的日益提高,人们对于所消费产品的品牌越来越看重,很多企业都已意识到品牌创建的重要性。相比起来,农特产品行业的品牌创建则十分薄弱,尤其是在一些山区。在对品牌涵义进行阐述的基础上,分析了农特产品品牌创建的必要性、特殊性。     

Physical activity and nutrition guidelines to help with the fight against COVID-19

ABSTRACT

As the world is witnessing the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, emerging genetics and clinical pieces of evidence suggest a similar immunopathology to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Staying at home to prevent the spread of the virus and consequently being largely inactive is associated with unintended consequences. These can actually enhance the infection risk and exacerbate poor health conditions including impaired immune function. Physical activity is a feasible way of improving health, particularly physical and mental health in a time of social isolation. However, people with certain health conditions in these circumstances may need a special physical activity programme in addition to any exercise they may already be performing via online programmes. This review aims to provide practical guidelines during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We suggest performing aerobic, resistance training, respiratory muscle training and yoga in the healthy, and in those with upper respiratory tract illness, patients with lower respiratory tract illness should be restricted to respiratory muscle training and yoga. In addition, vitamins D and C, omega-3 fatty acids, and regular consumption of fruit and vegetables might be considered as nutritional aids to support the immune system in those affected by COVID-19.     

The impact of a professional development programme on teachers' attitudes towards inclusion

This article describes a study that aimed to answer the following question: ‘Will a programme of professional development in the area of special and inclusive education be effective in achieving attitudinal shift in teachers?’ Forty‐eight teachers who were enrolled on a Master's programme in Special and Inclusive Education were surveyed via a questionnaire at the beginning and end of a ten‐week introductory module. The results indicated overall attitudinal shift and attitudinal shift for four categories of inclusion to suggest more positive attitudes at the end of the module, compared with at the beginning. The implications for providers of pre‐ and in‐service education and training courses for teachers are discussed.     

Caregivers of school children with epilepsy: findings of a phenomenological study

Epilepsy is one of the most frequently diagnosed neurological disorders among children. Epilepsy is continuously linked with academic underachievement and social challenges. Despite the implications that these difficulties have for a child's educational success, little is known of how children with epilepsy experience school. Understanding how to best support and accommodate these children can contribute to their positive adaptation and quality of life. The purpose of this phenomenological study by Jillian Roberts and Cheryl Whiting of the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, is to understand the school experiences of children with epilepsy. Data was gathered through open‐ended, semi‐structured interviews. The caregivers' narratives were transcribed and analysed to elicit the essential experiences of school children with epilepsy. Five categories were elicited from the families' narratives: (1) health‐related issues, (2) family coping, (3) academic experience, (4) social belonging, and (5) awareness. This information will be particularly useful for teachers and allied professionals serving the needs of children with epilepsy – as well as those with other chronic health conditions.     

Walking and biologic ageing: Evidence based on NHANES telomere data

ABSTRACT

The length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S. adults. The investigation was cross-sectional and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). LTL was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Walking minutes was calculated from walking frequency and duration measures. Results showed that for each year of chronological age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter (P < 0.0001). With walking minutes and LTL treated as continuous variables, the relationship was quadratic, not linear (F = 11.2, P = 0.0023). With walking time divided into three categories, adults who performed ≥ 150 minutes of walking per week had longer telomeres than those who did no regular walking, and those who did some, but less than the recommendation (F = 5.0, P = 0.0137). Regular walkers were estimated to have a biologic ageing advantage associated with 6.5–7.6 years less biologic ageing compared to non-walkers, after adjusting for covariates. Additional investigations designed to study causality and the mechanisms associated with the walking and LTL relationship are needed.     

对外汉语教学视角下的汉字笔画分类

化解对外汉语教学中＂汉字难＂的问题,应对笔画重新分类。按笔画笔向折转与否,可将笔画＂三分＂为横、竖、撇、捺、点、提六个基本笔画,折、钩、弯三个特殊笔画和多个复合笔画;基本笔画可再＂三分＂为点画、线画和半线画;特殊笔画＂折＂使线画、半线画折转成直角,＂钩＂转成钝角,＂弯＂转成圆弧。占笔画多数的复合笔画都是基本笔画折、钩、弯而成的。