竞技运动员人力资本产权界定与"困境"的破解

1问题的提出从何智丽与焦志敏事件,到王志郅、田亮事件,再到最近的孙英杰和王德显的奖金之争,主流媒体没有理性地分析出现这样事件的原因。在这些运动员之前,有很多著名运动员在主管部门的干涉下放弃了自己的利益,甚至改变了自己的职业生涯规划。但是从经济学的角度看,人都是自     

对跳跃专项少年运动员超等长训练的实验研究

超等长训练适宜于跳跃专项少年运动员专项素质训练,对提高跳跃成绩效果显著,超等长训练对提高肌肉超等长收缩能力的作用显著,高于传统力量训练方法,尤其是跳跃专项少年运动员应积极进行超等长训练。     

Exploring mechanisms of rapid automatized naming to arithmetic skills in Chinese primary schoolers

Rapid automatized naming (RAN) is associated with children's arithmetic performance, which is multifactorial by nature and consists of arithmetic fluency, arithmetic procedure, and word problems. Yet, it is unclear whether RAN can predict all key aspects of arithmetic skills independently and what cognitive mechanisms may explain this relation. Using a sample of Chinese primary school students (N = 170), results showed that while RAN was associated with all key aspects of arithmetic skills, the relations of RAN–arithmetic procedure and RAN–word problems may be dependent on that of RAN–arithmetic fluency. Supporting the processing speed hypothesis, results further suggested that processing speed may underlie the relation between RAN and arithmetic performance. Findings made unique contribution to understanding the effect of RAN on arithmetic performance and cognitive mechanisms that may underpin this association in the context of Chinese culture.     

Key somatic variables associated with,and differences between the 4 swimming strokes

ABSTRACT

This study identified key somatic and demographic characteristics that benefit all swimmers and, at the same time, identified further characteristics that benefit only specific swimming strokes. Three hundred sixty-three competitive-level swimmers (male [n = 202]; female [n = 161]) participated in the study. We adopted a multiplicative, allometric regression model to identify the key characteristics associated with 100 m swimming speeds (controlling for age). The model was refined using backward elimination. Characteristics that benefited some but not all strokes were identified by introducing stroke-by-predictor variable interactions. The regression analysis revealed 7 “common” characteristics that benefited all swimmers suggesting that all swimmers benefit from having less body fat, broad shoulders and hips, a greater arm span (but shorter lower arms) and greater forearm girths with smaller relaxed arm girths. The 4 stroke-specific characteristics reveal that backstroke swimmers benefit from longer backs, a finding that can be likened to boats with longer hulls also travel faster through the water. Other stroke-by-predictor variable interactions (taken together) identified that butterfly swimmers are characterized by greater muscularity in the lower legs. These results highlight the importance of considering somatic and demographic characteristics of young swimmers for talent identification purposes (i.e., to ensure that swimmers realize their most appropriate strokes).     

倒伏对春小麦品种(品系)籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响

试验选取三类不同熟期的春小麦品种（品系），在同一时间倒伏后，分期对比测定各品种（品系）倒伏后不同发育阶段的籽粒鲜重、干重，比较分析品种（品系）倒伏与未倒伏籽粒的灌浆特性及干物质积累变化规律。结果表明：倒伏对不同品种（品系）籽粒干物质积累动态变化的差异显著性影响不同，对同一品种（品系）的最大灌浆速率及到达最大灌浆速率的时间均存在着影响，最终对籽粒产量存在着不同程度的影响。     

上海女子气手枪运动员击发和收枪时脑电相干性分析

通过脑电相干性分析,探讨运动员射击中击发和收枪两种不同运动表现时各脑区间的沟通差异。采用64导脑电测试系统记录12名女子气手枪运动员击发与收枪时的脑电,将两种不同表现击发前的脑电分为4个时间段（每段1 000 ms）,分别计算低-alpha频段（8~10 Hz）、高-alpha频段（11~13 Hz）、低-beta频段（14~22 Hz ）中前额区（Fz）与其他脑区间(额区、中央区、顶区、枕区和颞区)的相干性。结果发现,在低-alpha频段,与收枪时相比,运动员击发时大脑信息沟通较少,表明击发时运动员只需要较低的皮层唤醒和注意努力。左脑脑波相干性显著低于右脑,表明大脑半球不同功能体现在了运动员射击过程中,运动员射击时右半球交流多,注意力转移以视觉空间为主。不同表现过程中不同时间点显示了不同高低的脑波相干性,故推断稳定的大脑皮质活动与较好的运动表现有关。     

Eating disorder prevention initiatives for athletes: A review

A substantial amount of evidence suggests that collegiate and elite athletes involved in weight-sensitive sports are at greater risk of developing eating disorders (EDs) than the general population. With the limited effectiveness of treatment for EDs, prevention of EDs has been broadly considered in the literature. The present paper reviewed the existing literature on ED prevention programmes for athletes in order to determine the current status of prevention programmes and recommend future directions. The available literature suggests that selective, primary interventions with multiple targets and an interactive multimodal approach appear most effective. Current challenges in the field, including lack of longitudinal research, hesitation by the sport community to be involved in ED research and poor cross-field communication and collaboration, are also explored. The lack of dissemination of evidence-based prevention programmes and the simultaneous promotion of prevention programmes that have not yet been empirically examined are also discussed. Based on these observations future directions are recommended.     

First-rib stress fracture in two adolescent swimmers: a case report

First-rib stress fractures have been described in adolescent athletes in various sports, with only one prior case report of first-rib stress fractures in an adolescent female swimmer. There is a need for research on the cause, management, and prevention of these injuries as they lead to significant morbidity and critical time away from sport for these aspiring athletes. We aimed to describe first-rib stress fractures as a potential cause for non-specific atraumatic chronic shoulder pain in adolescent swimmers and to discuss the different presentations, unique risk factors, treatment, and potential injury prevention strategies of such fractures. We discussed two such cases which were successfully treated with activity modification with restriction of all overhead activity, gradually progressive physical therapy and a return to swimming protocol. First-rib stress fractures can vary in presentation and should be in the differential diagnosis in adolescent swimmers with chronic shoulder pain. These injuries can be successfully managed with rest from overhead activities and physical therapy. Gradual return to competitive swimming can be achieved even with non-union of a first-rib stress fracture. Emphasis on balanced strength training in different muscle groups and proper swimming technique is essential to prevent these injuries.