大学毕业生职业适应性探析

职业适应是指个体在职业认知和职业实践的基础上,不断调整和改善自己的观念、态度、习惯、行为和智能结构,与某一特定的职业环境进行相互调整,以克服大学毕业生在新的职业活动中出现的人际关系困惑症、自我迷失症、情绪压抑症、厌职情绪症等职业不适应的症状,达到人职匹配与和谐的过程。     

内质网应激介导细胞凋亡在运动预防非酒精性脂肪肝形成中的作用

摘要：目的：探讨运动对非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的预防作用及作用机理。方法： SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和运动组3 组。对照组给予普通饲料喂养,模型组予高脂饲料喂养,运动组在高脂饲料喂养的同时予运动干预,连续8周,直至实验结束。HE染色观察肝脏病理形态变化,TUNEL法测肝细胞凋亡,western blot检测CHOP、Caspase12和JNK蛋白表达,免疫组化检测CHOP、Caspase12和JNK蛋白阳性表达。结果：1）与对照组比较,模型组肝细胞脂肪性变明显,肝细胞凋亡指数升高,CHOP、Caspase12、JNK蛋白表达及阳性表达增加;2）与模型组比较,运动组肝细胞脂肪变性减轻,肝细胞凋亡指数减少,CHOP、Caspase12、JNK蛋白表达及阳性表达降低。结论：8周高脂饮食可成功复制NAFLD动物模型,内质网应激介导细胞凋亡参与NAFLD形成。运动对NAFLD形成具有较好的预防作用,其机制可能与运动可降低内质网应激介导细胞凋亡蛋白CHOP、JNK和Caspase12在肝细胞的表达,抑制肝细胞凋亡有关。     

Wearable inertial sensors in swimming motion analysis: a systematic review

The use of contemporary technology is widely recognised as a key tool for enhancing competitive performance in swimming. Video analysis is traditionally used by coaches to acquire reliable biomechanical data about swimming performance; however, this approach requires a huge computational effort, thus introducing a delay in providing quantitative information. Inertial and magnetic sensors, including accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, have been recently introduced to assess the biomechanics of swimming performance. Research in this field has attracted a great deal of interest in the last decade due to the gradual improvement of the performance of sensors and the decreasing cost of miniaturised wearable devices. With the aim of describing the state of the art of current developments in this area, a systematic review of the existing methods was performed using the following databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct. Twenty-seven articles published in indexed journals and conference proceedings, focusing on the biomechanical analysis of swimming by means of inertial sensors were reviewed. The articles were categorised according to sensor’s specification, anatomical sites where the sensors were attached, experimental design and applications for the analysis of swimming performance. Results indicate that inertial sensors are reliable tools for swimming biomechanical analyses.     

Statin use and self-reported swimming performance in US masters swimmers

Exercise and treating hyperlipidaemia with statins are two integral components of the American Heart Association guidelines to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults. Since statins can cause myalgias and myopathies, they could affect the duration or intensity of an exercise regimen. To determine the impact of statin use in adult masters swimmers, a survey was distributed to examine the association between swimming performance and statin usage in adult swimmers (≥35 years). After excluding those with chronic diseases or taking drugs that reduce physical capacity, 749 swimmers (118 taking statins, 73 not taking statins to control elevated cholesterol and 558 controls) were included in a regression model to determine the factors significantly affecting the duration and intensity of swimming workouts. Age and gender were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) associated with the distance swam per 60 min. Younger, male swimmers completed more yards per 60-min workout. Use of statins was not significantly associated with yards swam per 60-min workout. Nor did statin usage affect the number of swim sessions per month or the length of swim session. Evidently, statins do not cause enough fatigue or pain in masters swimmers to require a decrease in the duration or intensity of workouts.     

Kinematic,kinetic and EMG analysis of four front crawl flip turn techniques

This study aimed to analyse the kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic characteristics of four front crawl flip turn technique variants. The variants distinguished from each other by differences in body position (i.e. dorsal, lateral, ventral) during rolling, wall support, pushing and gliding phases. Seventeen highly trained swimmers (17.9 ± 3.2 years old) participated in interventional sessions and performed three trials of each variant, being monitored with a 3-D video system, a force platform and an electromyography (EMG) system. Studied variables: rolling time and distance, wall support time, push-off time, peak force and horizontal impulse at wall support and push-off, centre of mass horizontal velocity at the end of the push-off, gliding time, centre of mass depth, distance, average and final velocity during gliding, total turn time and electrical activity of Gastrocnemius Medialis, Tibialis Anterior, Biceps Femoris and Vastus Lateralis muscles. Depending on the variant, total turn time ranged from 2.37 ± 0.32 to 2.43 ± 0.33 s, push-off force from 1.86 ± 0.33 to 1.92 ± 0.26 BW and centre of mass velocity during gliding from 1.78 ± 0.21 to 1.94 ± 0.22 m · s^?1. The variants were not distinguishable in terms of kinematical, kinetic and EMG parameters during the rolling, wall support, pushing and gliding phases.     

广东省花样游泳运动员备战第十二届全国运动会的专项素质指标与训练监控指标研究

整理分析广东省花样游泳运动员备战第十二届全国运动会的专项体能训练与训练监控指标数据,总结成功有效的备战与参赛模式,为今后的训练提供参考。     

水中健身操与花样游泳之比较研究

水中健身操是一项新兴的体育运动项目,近年来在国家体育总局的大力推广下,至今已连续举办五届全国水中健身操比赛。由于这两个项目的比赛,都是结合音乐的伴奏,在水中表演性的项目。国家体育总局在游泳运动分类明确把水中健身操列为大众体育项目,花样游泳列为竞技体育项目,二者有本质上的不同。通过对这两个项目的起源和发展、概念和项目特点、竞赛目的和运动理念方面进行比较研究,滤清二者之间的关系和区别,为水中健身操项目今后进一步的发展提供参考依据。     

军事五项50m障碍游泳的训练内容与重点

介绍了50 m障碍游泳单项的项目特点;指出了体能训练、技术训练、心理训练的内容和重点,并对常见训练问题提出了解决办法。     

论如何加强日语句子表达的逻辑思维——“火车思维法”在新生课堂的应用

句子的学习是语言学习的一个重要环节。本文结合笔者的教学实践探讨了在日语专业新生刚接触日语句子学习时,注重思维分解的“火车思维法”能有效地加强初学者日语句子表达的逻辑思维。     

游泳初学者产生”惧水”心理问题因素及对策研究

如何了解教学中初学者的心理状态及各种心理活动规律,及时掌握情绪和心态变化,并结合教学实践,运用科学合理的教学方法,是提高游泳教学质量的关键。