体育教学中培养学生欣赏能力初探

在分析体育欣赏能力对学生重要作用的基础上,对在体育教学中如何提高学生的体育欣赏能力提出了几点建议.     

谈英语教学中文化意识的培养

本文从现实中学生所犯交际失误的分析出发，结合理论的探讨，对英语教学中学生文化意识的提高提出了一些培养途径。     

Factors Associated with High Standards of Spelling in Years R-4

This article is based on a discussion document written for all schools in Suffolk, England by the English advisory team. It resulted from a small-scale survey of nine schools where results for National Curriculum test AT4 (Spelling) in 1994 and 1995 were particularly high. This in turn stemmed from concerns raised by monitoring local education authority results in this aspect of English and aimed to uncover common factors in these schools' approaches to teaching spelling and supporting pupils' development in this skill. The key factors indicated by the survey included the systematic teaching of both spelling patterns and phonics; the fostering of early independence in writing and reading; regular learning of spellings at home and effective partnership with parents in this; regular testing; effective short teaching sessions on spelling, and differentiation based on high expectations of all pupils.     

Development of lexical tone awareness in Chinese children with and without dyslexia

This paper describes two studies that examined the lexical tone awareness of Chinese children both with and without dyslexia at different primary school ages.Study 1 examined the contributions of lexical tone awareness to distinguish children with and without dyslexia with respect to their Chinese character reading skills. Two hundred and seventy Chinese children participated in Study 1. Ninety of these were children with dyslexia (equally recruited from second, fourth, and sixth grades). Moreover, ninety children functioned as a chronological-age control group, and an additional ninety children functioned as a reading-level control group. The participants were tested for nonverbal intelligence, Chinese character reading, and cognitive-linguistic skills and lexical tone awareness. Our results revealed a later developmental ceiling in Chinese children with dyslexia than in those without dyslexia. Furthermore, children’s lexical tone awareness could serve to distinguish children with dyslexia from typically developing children in all primary school years.Study 2 compared the lexical tone awareness and Chinese character reading skills of Chinese children with dyslexia both before and after introducing the Perceptual Training Method. The participants in this study consisted of all the participants with dyslexia from Study 1, and the measurements were the Chinese character reading test and the lexical tone awareness task from Study 1. Our results revealed that only second-grade children with dyslexia gained substantially from the training on both lexical tone awareness and character naming, whereas those in the fourth grade obtained a significant improvement only on lexical tone awareness.     

Shaping global teacher identity in a short-term mobility programme

This article explores the shaping of Australian and Malaysian pre-service teachers’ possible selves in a short-term mobility programme. With the theory of possible selves, individuals imagine who they will become based on their past and current selves. The focus of the research was on pre-service teachers’ possible selves as global and culturally responsive teachers. The experiential learning through participation in the programme allowed participants to consider their future possible selves as teachers with a deeper understanding of diverse learners’ needs and how they might strive to address these needs in their own classrooms. The scaffolding of reflections in the programme encouraged the pre-service teachers to take on multiple perspectives, to step outside their comfort zones and in many ways to see the world from different eyes. The research found that through experiential learning in the short-term mobility programme both the Australian and Malaysian pre-service teachers gained in positioning their cultural selves currently and as future teachers, suggesting that there is merit in utilising the theory of possible selves in future research in the area of shaping teacher identity.     

The effects of syllable instruction on phonemic awareness in preschoolers

Purpose

Preschooler instruction for speech sound awareness typically teaches a progression of speech units from sentences to phonemes, ending at simple first phoneme activities. This study investigates the effects of teaching advanced tasks of phoneme blending and segmenting with and without the larger speech unit of the syllable.

Method

Thirty-nine 4-5-year-old typically developing children received twice-weekly small-group instruction in three conditions: two weeks of syllable tasks then four weeks of multiple phoneme tasks (SP), four weeks of multiple phoneme tasks only (MP), or an active control condition of first phoneme instruction (FP).

Results

The conditions SP and MP showed large significant gains on blending and segmenting and no significant differences on first phoneme isolating compared to the FP condition. A comparison of SP and MP did not show significant differences on phoneme blending and segmenting, but SP showed significantly more confusion during early sessions of phoneme instruction.

Conclusion

This preliminary evidence suggests that preschoolers can improve understanding of phoneme blending and segmenting, without first being taught syllable blending and segmenting, and with no negative effects on first sound awareness. These findings support a more efficient way of teaching preschoolers awareness of the individual sounds of speech. Replication with a larger sample, including children at-risk for literacy difficulties, is recommended before firm conclusions should be drawn.     

Contexts of reading instruction: Implications for literacy skills and kindergarteners’ behavioral engagement

This observational study examined kindergarteners’ (n = 170) exposure to literacy instruction in their classrooms (n = 36), child-by-instruction interactions, and behavioral engagement in relation to literacy skills. Time spent in four instructional contexts was coded according to who managed children's attention (teacher-managed, TM or child-managed, CM), and the content focus (basic skills such as teaching letters and their sounds, or meaning-focused such as discussing a book); children's behavioral engagement and off-task behavior were also coded live five times over the year. Word-reading and phonological awareness skills were assessed in fall and spring. Hierarchical Linear Modeling results indicated that kindergarteners with lower initial skills gained more in word-reading, but not phonological awareness, when they were exposed to relatively more time in TM basic skills instruction. In contrast, more time in CM meaning-focused instruction did not interact with initial skills to predict either outcome. Engagement analyses indicated that students were more likely to be off-task in CM than in TM contexts. Children who spent more time off-task during TM contexts had lower spring scores on both outcomes. Discussion explores the implications of this work for both literacy learning and behavioral engagement in the transition year of kindergarten.     

试探刘咸炘的历史教育思想

近代四川著名历史学家刘咸炘一生从事教学活动,先后在尚友书塾、敬业学院、国立成都大学、国立四川大学做过塾师和教授,撰写了大量有关历史教育方面的论著。在教学上,他提出"观事理必于史"的观点,阐释了历史教育的必要性。在历史教学方法论上,他特别强调学生应作读书札记,要求教师启发学生问难、培养学生的问题意识。他认为大学历史教育的重点是通晓古今风化大势,这一观点蕴含着近代历史教育的积极因素。刘咸炘以读书人自居,以育人为职志,在历史教育上取得了一定的成就,对民国时期的历史教育作出了一定的贡献。     

从虚构到呈现:浅论林白小说的自白意义

林白的小说创作是一次次从虚构到呈现的过程,即通过其独特而自由的、充满自省和批判意识的自白式书写,完成了个体与世界整体的沟通,完整表达了其创作的自白意义。林白不同时期的代表性文本从女性意识、生命残缺者以及历史文化语境三个方面,展示了作家从虚构到呈现的创作流变和创作意图,以其特有的自白意义揭示出个人化写作所代表的审美取向和社会价值。     

当前高校青年教师组织发展对策研究——以河北农业大学理学院为例

高校青年教师是当代高校教师中最有活力、最富有创新精神的群体。他们的思想道德及工作行为更容易影响大学生。他们的价值观、创新精神和敬业精神不仅直接关系到他们自身的发展,更容易影响到大学生的成长与发展。在我院教师队伍中,35岁以下的青年教师占到了55·7%,已经成为教师队伍的主体,因此我们长期以来非常注重对青年教师的培养,一方面注重青年教师业务素质的提高,保证教师质量,另一方面,不断提高青年教师的政治素质,努力打造一支业务素质过硬,政治素质够高的基础课教师队伍,为培养新一代又红又专的社会主义事业建设者打下基础。