QFP结构中引脚焊缝界面端的奇异性热应力问题研究

由于引脚、印制电路板和焊接剂的热-机材料属性不同,在受到热载荷或机械载荷时,引脚焊接界面端会产生奇异性应力,有可能产生界面开裂。为了基于界面端奇异场来评价QFP结构引脚界面端力学行为,采用数值方法求解引脚焊缝任意角度尖劈界面端的应力强度系数。具体步骤为:首先,基于高次内插有限元特征分析法确定两相任意角度尖劈界面端的奇异性指数和应力角分布函数,并引入常数热应力项,获得热-机耦合奇异性应力场表达式;采用有限元分析技术和最小二乘拟合法来获得应力强度系数的数值解。考察了热-机材料属性对热载荷下焊接剂/印制电路板界面端应力强度系数的影响。结果表明:弹性模量、泊松比和材料热膨胀系数等均对应力强度系数有影响,适当的做出调整可以使界面端呈现良好的热应力状态。     

Athletics

The purpose of this study was to determine primary factors that contribute to the magnitude of the maximum torsional moment on the tibia during running based on information from three‐dimensional shank kinematics and ground reaction forces. Eight male subjects were asked to run along a straight track at 5.0 m s^‐1. Data were collected using two high‐speed cameras and a force platform. Each subject's left foot and tibia were modelled as a system of coupled rigid bodies. First, net axial moments acting at both ends of the tibia were calculated using inverse dynamics. Then the tibial torsional moment was determined from the quasi‐equilibrium balance of the net tibial axial moments. Our results showed considerable inter‐individual variations for the tibial torsional moment during the stance phase of running. The maximum torsional moment reflecting external rotational loading of the proximal tibia was significantly correlated with the outward tilt angle of the shank in the frontal plane (r = 0.78, p <0.05) and with the vertical force of ground reaction (r = 0.70, p <0.05). In conclusion, lowering tibial torsional loading by interventions based on the present findings may lead to the reduction of running injuries that occur in athletes’ tibiae.     

冲击载荷作用下混凝土本构模型(英文)

为了更好地设计和分析混凝土结构,对冲击荷载作用下混凝土材料的力学特性进行了研究.将混凝土材料看成实体和微裂纹组成的复合材料,其中实体由粗骨料和水泥砂浆基体组成.假设水泥砂浆基体为弹性的、均匀的和各向同性的.基于Mori-Tanaka理论和Eshelby等效夹杂理论建立了冲击荷载作用下混凝土材料的动态本构模型.同时,进行了混凝土和水泥砂浆的冲击压缩试验.实验表明:混凝土和水泥砂浆都是率相关材料.在相同的冲击速度下,混凝土比水泥砂浆具有更高的承载能力,但混凝土的最大应变低于水泥砂浆材料.不论混凝土材料还是水泥砂浆材料,随着冲击速度的提高,破坏实验后试件的尺寸都逐渐减小.     

非比例循环载荷下的随动强化律

对于４２ＣｒＭｏＡ钢的非比例循环实验，讨论了几个随动强化律的适用性，其中包括Ｐｒａｇｅｒ、Ｚｉｇｌｅｒ、Ｃｈａｂｏｃｈｅ、Ｍｒｏｚ和Ｔｓｅｎｇ－Ｌｅｅ强化律。分析表明与双曲面本构模型相关的Ｍｒｏｚ和Ｔｓｅｎｇ－Ｌｅｅ强化律能给出较好的预测。文中还给出了一个简化的双曲面本构模型     

多轴载荷作用下表面裂纹的疲劳扩展

通过对圆柱体直前缘表面裂纹在循环拉伸与循环扭转载荷共同作用下的扩展规律进行实验研究,分析了不同载荷曲线相位差、以及拉扭应力幅度对表面裂纹扩展路径、疲劳寿命和裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明:不同的相位差对裂纹扩展行为有着非常重要的影响。初始阶段的裂纹扩展主要受到剪应力幅度的影响,后继扩展则依赖于轴向应力幅度。拉应力和剪应力的增加均会增加裂纹扩展速率,但轴向应力幅度变化的影响大于剪切应力幅度。     

Layer-layout-based heuristics for loading homogeneous items into a single container

The container loading problem (CLP) is a well-known NP-hard problem. Due to the computation complexity, heuristics is an often-sought approach. This article proposes two heuristics to pack homogeneous rectangular boxes into a single container. Both algorithms adopt the concept of building layers on one face of the container, but the first heuristic determines the layer face once for all, while the second treats the remaining container space as a reduced-sized container after one layer is loaded and, hence, selects the layer face dynamically. To handle the layout design problem at a layer's level, a block-based 2D packing procedure is also developed. Numerical studies demonstrate the efficiency of the heuristics.     

加载速率对玻璃纤维土工格栅断裂强力的影响

对三种玻璃纤维土工格栅在不同的加载速率下的断裂强力进行了大量的试验研究,得到了断裂强力与加载速率的关系曲线。结果表明,加载速率对断裂强力的影响明显,速率越大,断裂强力越高。     

活性炭固载磷钨杂多酸催化合成苯乙酸乙酯

以活性炭固载磷钨杂多酸为催化剂,苯乙酸和乙醇为原料合成苯乙酸乙酯,考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,反应温度为80～85℃时,n(醇)∶n(酸)=3.5∶1;催化剂用量为1.0g(苯乙酸为0.05mol的情况下);反应时间为4.5h是最适宜的反应条件。酯化率可达92.5%。     

基于VR的火箭炮装填训练模拟器的设计

针对某型火箭炮实装训练噪声大、磨损大、消耗高等缺点,提出了基于VR的火箭炮装填训练模拟器的设计,文中简述了模拟器的设计原则、总体结构,重点展示了模拟器的硬件构成、软件设计及模拟训练功能的实现,经教学试用,该模拟器达到了设计的要求。     

高温气候重载水泥混凝土路面典型结构受力特性研究

为了解高温气候条件下重载水泥混凝土路面结构受力特征,本文以福建省高温气候条件与重载交通特性为研究实体,采用三维有限元程序EverFE2.24计算高温气候下重载交通对路面的影响.研究结果表明,高温气候下重载交通对水泥混凝土路面造成的不利影响,降低了路面寿命.各参数对面板的受力敏感性分析结果表明,增加面板的厚度、提高地基刚度及设置传力杆,均能有效改善面板的受力性能,其中增加面板厚度带来的受力性能改善的效果最显著.此外,增大基层厚度,在减少了车辆荷载应力的同时,也增大了面板的温度应力,因此对于改善面板受力特性不一定有效.