世界优秀男子400米跑运动员速度特征分析

对第6，7届世界田径锦标赛男子400米决赛选手全程和分段成绩进行分析，揭示当今世界男子400米跑速度特征及发展趋势。研究认为，运动员绝对速度能力、保持高速跑的能力以及匀速跑的节奏，是训练工作中应抓好的主要环节。     

普通高校体育课必须重视田径教学

高校田径运动的普及、发展和学生身体素质的提高离不开田径教学，高校体育课必须重视田径教学。受学生“自主选项”等因素的影响，普通高校田径教学正面临着存亡的危机。为适应素质教育的需要，高校田径课程体系必须摆脱“技术教育”的束缚，树立“健康第一”的体育思想，建立和完善新的田径课程体系，为“终身体育”服务。     

The experience of watching baseball games in Korea: an analysis of user-generated content on social media using Leximancer

The current study explores international tourists’ experiences of watching professional baseball games in Korea. Total 152 reviews posted by tourists on TripAdvisor were analyzed through Leximancer, a computer program used in the qualitative content analysis. The software identified three dominant themes of tourist experiences: the distinctive atmosphere of Korean professional baseball games, the diverse services in the stadium, and fanatical cheering behavior for the team. Moreover, it revealed that international tourists were generally positive toward the culturally distinctive style of Korean professional baseball games. This study suggests that the professional sports of a travel destination can be a form of providing international tourists with pleasurable experiences and a way to learn about the distinctive Korean baseball culture.     

Heritage sporting events: theoretical development and configurations

ABSTRACT

Although sports heritage is increasingly recognized as a potential catalyst of tourism, heritage sporting events (HSEs) are still an emerging concept in the academic literature. Notions that associate sports events and heritage remain rare, and are usually analysed through the scope of nostalgia sport tourism. This can be partly explained by an inclination to associate the notion of heritage with conventional ideas about folklore and traditional culture. Through a constructivist approach of heritage, this contribution argues that contemporary sports events, which would generally have competition as their primary focus, might also be perceived as HSEs. A comprehensive framework, built on a multi-disciplinary literature review, is presented to show the process that transforms an initial resource (a sports event) into an accomplished resource (a HSE), which might represent a competitive advantage for the territory. A qualitative–comparative analysis is conducted among 24 sports events in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, to observe the configurations of HSEs and understand which characteristics are necessary for the perceptions of a sports event as a heritage good. Interestingly, this contribution shows that if the event needs to be sustainable in the territory to be perceived as a HSE, it is not sufficient. Indeed, a differentiation strategy should be set up to distinguish the event from other more or less similar events, to be perceived as an authentic feature of the territory by the local population.     

Exploring the effects of substituting basketball players in high-level teams

Substituting basketball players during competition is a key process to optimise collective performance. Available research on this topic is scarce, probably due to the difficulty in isolating these effects; thus, the aim of this study was to identify the temporal effects of substitutions in basketball (Spanish professional basketball league). The sample was composed of 1118 substitutions gathered from 21 basketball games. The analysed variables were coach-controlled (player and team’s personal fouls, player in and player out roles, player’s in and out minutes on-court and timeout situation); on-court (foul committed, free throws, 2- and 3-point field-goal effectiveness) and situational variables (scoreline, quality of opposition, game location and game quarter). The results showed positive scoring performances after the substitution for all the analyses. During the first quarter, there were significant effects for fouls committed, scoreline and game location after the substitution. The player’s out personal fouls, free-throw effectiveness, player in, minutes on-court player in, timeout situation and 3-point field-goal effectiveness were significant during the second quarter. The team’s personal fouls, game location, and scoreline were identified as important in the third quarter. The fourth quarter did not show significant effects on the independent variables. Current findings allow optimising coaches’ plans and team management of on-court and bench players throughout the game.     

田径专项理论与实践课教学改革研究——以集美大学体育学院运动训练专业为例

为了使集美大学体育学院运动训练田径专项理论与实践课的教学更利于培养社会需求的田径专业人才。采用文献资料法、对比分析法和调查法通过对集美大学体育学院田径专项理论与实践课教学现状进行分析,同时借鉴国内外院校运动训练专业的教学经验,并结合集美大学体育学院运动训练专业特点及教学环境,针对集美大学体育学院田径专项理论与实践课教学提出相应的改革措施与发展对策。研究表明：现行的教学大纲不适应田径专业人才的培养;教学过程不利于学生学习主动性的培养与田径综合能力的提高。     

短道速滑运动员选材要素分析

通过查阅相关文献的方法,结合短道速滑项目实际情况,讨论短道速滑运动员选材的相关问题及意义,认为体能、心理、智力等因素是短道速滑运动员选材中的核心要素,把体能、心理、智力等指标因素与短道速滑运动相结合并加以分析,从实践的角度对其内容进行了筛选与界定,为教练员在进行短道速滑运动员科学选才时,提供一定的参考。     

运动竞赛项目体系的验证与思考

“运动竞赛项目体系”的建构,是展开竞赛方法研究的必要前提。运动竞赛项目体系的正确性,必须经运动竞赛实践的验证。具体竞赛项目的实施定位,不仅验证了运动竞赛项目体系的可行性,同时深化了对运动竞赛项目体系的认识和理解。     

不同负荷运动时几项尿液生化指标的变化

为了探讨田径运动员不同运动负荷时几项尿液生化指标的变化。以 2 2名男性田径专业运动员为研究对象 ,进行为期 8天的田径训练 ,前 5天运动强度心率在 1 3 5～ 1 65次 /min之间 ,后 3天运动强度心率在 1 2 8～ 1 3 4次 /min之间。测定尿八项、尿蛋白值并进行对照分析。结果表明 :尿蛋白、尿胆素原对运动负荷反映灵敏 ,其变化趋势与运动训练强度的变化趋势相符 ,可作为运动强度评定的指标 ;尿蛋白SD值较大 ,说明个体差异大 ,运用该指标进行强度评定时 ,需区别对待 ;用尿八项半定量测定法进行运动强度评定 ,尿胆素原指标较尿蛋白指标更灵敏     

奥运会优秀田径运动员年龄变化特征的研究

采用文献资料等方法,对1956年第18届奥运会至2004年第28届奥运会的优秀田径运动员的年龄特征进行了研究。研究表明,从第23届奥运会后优秀田径运动员年龄呈上升化趋势,最明显的特征是,越来越多的30岁以上的“老运动员”参与奖牌的竞争;当今世界优秀田径运动员的年龄有增大的趋势,并且女子运动员的增大幅度大于男子运动员。