情报学取向的“数据科学与大数据技术”专业人才培养

[目的/意义]情报学作为计算性较强的人文社科学科，具备数据科学的特点，大数据相关技术能为情报学提供有效手段，因此，设立情报学取向的"数据科学与大数据技术"专业，培养具有大数据思维和扎实的情报学专业基础、掌握大数据处理技术及分析理论、并能将其应用于情报学理论与实践的复合型人才，能够促进情报学学科发展。[方法/过程]对国内外大数据相关专业的培养目标和课程设置模式进行调研，总结学科教育发展特色，结合国内的教学资源情况，设计情报学取向的大数据专业人才培养计划。[结果/结论]情报学与大数据既有联系又有不同，情报学为大数据提供了基础研究方法，促进了多源数据融合，拓宽了大数据的应用领域；大数据为情报学研究提供了更多的可能性、丰富了研究方法，提升了研究效率、扩大了研究范围。情报学取向的大数据与数据科学专业人才的培养，既有其必要性，又有其不可替代性。学科体系需进一步改革创新，设立更多紧密结合大数据与情报学专业的新兴课程，如文献大数据分析、用户大数据研究等，系统地培养学生将情报学领域知识与计算机技术和大数据技术融合创新的能力。     

Improving cognitive and physical function through 12-weeks of resistance training in older adults: Randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT

We performed a randomized, controlled trial to analyse the effects of resistance training (RT) on cognitive and physical function among older adults. Fifty participants (mean age 67 years, ~60% woman) were randomly assigned to an RT program or a control group. Participants allocated to RT performed three sets of 10-15RM in nine exercises, three times per week, for 12-weeks. Control group did not perform any exercise. Variables included cognitive (global and executive function) and physical function (gait, mobility and strength) outcomes. At completion of the intervention, RT was shown to have significantly mitigated the drop in selective attention and conflict resolution performance (Stroop test: -494.6; 95%CI: -883.1; ?106.1) and promoted a significant improvement in working memory (digit span forward: -0.6; 95%CI: ?1.0; ?0.1 and forward minus backward: -0.9; 95% CI: ?1.6; ?0.2) and verbal fluency (animal naming: +1.4, 95%CI 0.3, 2.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for other cognitive outcomes. Regarding physical function, at completion of the intervention, the RT group demonstrated improved fast-pace gait performance (?0.3; 95% CI: ?0.6; ?0.0) and 1-RM (+21.4 kg; 95%CI: 16.6; 26.2). No significant between-group differences were observed for other mobility-related outcomes. In conclusion, RT improves cognitive and physical function of older adults.     

电机学精品在线开放课程校企合作初探

工程教育专业认证背景下,电机学省级精品在线开放课程注重校企合作,收集丰富的生产现场教学资源,聘请企业专家录制教学视频,开展网上讨论、网上直播课等。下阶段校企合作重点是编写理论和实践教材、共建电机科技活动实训室、企业专家指导网上PBL项目、指导学生选取企业真题申报大创项目。     

定向行走课程与教学专业能力研究

从感觉训练、概念发展、行动技能、定向系统、求助技能、安全议题、小区资源与大众运输系统七个方面选取50项能力指标,对海峡两岸64名担任定向行走课程的教师进行问卷调查。调查结果显示:大多数被调查者认可这50项能力指标;定向行走教师对自己的课程与教学专业能力认可度多为中等,需要进一步作培训。同时发现,在定向行走课程与专业能力各向度的重要程度上,海峡两岸定向行走教师的认知有显著差异,各向度胜任程度的差异更加明显;而定向行走教师的年龄对定向行走课程与教学专业能力在重要程度和胜任程度上并没有显著差异;海峡两岸担任定向行走课程的教师,多数认为有培训的必要。建议将重要性在3.5以上的题目编制为《定向行走专业能力检核表》;将定向行走专业能力胜任程度在3.5以下的向度作为定向行走师资培训的参考。     

Green inclusion: biophilia as a necessity

This article argues that there is a strong link between the pedagogy for inclusion and the pedagogy of environmental education and tries to identify any benefits that could be acquired by pupils when the school system tries to use environmental educational programmes to promote inclusion. The idea of promoting a school yard into a school garden is given as an example. The article suggests that outdoor education experiences can facilitate positive development of self‐esteem, peer to peer socialisation as well as teacher–student relationships and a positive attitude towards school. One might conclude that the rationale behind environmental education has much to offer to all of our pupils.     

Community implementation outcomes of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up

Bringing evidence-based treatments to community practice is a critical challenge for the field. When implemented in the community, evidence-based treatments often fail to provide the benefits shown in laboratory settings. Therefore, when evidence-based treatments are transported to the community, it is essential to investigate implementation process and outcomes. The present study assessed whether Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), an intervention for high-risk parents that has been shown to be efficacious in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), changed parent behavior in a community-based setting. This study examined data collected from 78 cases by 9 parent coaches in a diverse community setting in Hawaii, and compared data to benchmarks from RCTs. Parent coach fidelity was coded from intervention session video clips, and was also compared with benchmarks. Caregivers participating in ABC were primarily birth parents, and most were referred through Child Protective Services involvement or for reasons of harsh parenting or neglect. Parental behavior was assessed before and after intervention using a semi-structured play task. Increases in parental following the lead and delight, and decreases in parental intrusiveness, were observed; these changes were comparable to effect sizes observed in RCTs. Intent to treat analyses were conducted using behavioral data from videotaped sessions, and suggested that ABC also improved following the lead in parents who subsequently dropped out of treatment. These results support the viability of ABC for enhancing parenting behavior among parents at high risk for maltreatment, and demonstrate that parent coaches in community agencies can successfully implement ABC.     

Adult mental health outcomes of child sexual abuse survivors born at extremely low birth weight

The high prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) is concerning, particularly as survivors are at increased risk for multiple adverse outcomes, including poor mental health across the lifespan. Children born at an extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) and who experience CSA may be a group that is especially vulnerable to psychopathology later in life. However, no research has considered the mental health risks associated with being born at ELBW and experiencing CSA. In this study, we investigated the mental health of 179 ELBW survivors and 145 matched normal birth weight (NBW; >2500 g) participants at ages 22–26 and 29–36. At age 22–26, CSA was associated with increased odds of clinically significant internalizing (OR = 7.32, 95% CI: 2.31–23.23) and externalizing (OR = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.11–19.51) problems among ELBW participants exposed to CSA compared to those who did not, though confidence intervals were wide. At age 29–36, CSA was linked to increased odds of any current (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.08–10.87) and lifetime (OR = 7.09, 95% CI: 2.00–25.03) non-substance use psychiatric disorders, however, this did not hold after adjustment for covariates. Statistically significant differences in mental health outcomes were not observed in NBW participants exposed to CSA compared to NBW participants who were not exposed. Survivors of significant perinatal adversity who are also exposed to CSA may be at higher risk for psychopathology through the fourth decade of life.     

对“训练周期”理论的重新审视

马特维耶夫的“训练周期”理论应属于训练的指导思想，而不是具体的训练方案。竞技状态和训练安排出现的周期性，是科学的规律，训练中必须遵循。但“训练周期”理论不能作为具体的训练安排，由于运动训练受许多因素的制约，其任何一种因素发生变化，必然导致整个训练过程实施周期发生改变。因此，必须依据训练的实际变化适时对训练周期进行适当的调节，同时，周期的划分和具体的训练方法应该依项目特点等情况来安排。     

浅谈地下中空薄壁混凝土结构的裂缝防预构造措施

大尺寸薄壁钢筋混凝土结构,对温度的变化和基础的不均匀沉降较为敏感。制定合理的施工方案,材料的合理选择、施工流程精心组织保证了裂缝控制效果良好。     

高职教育统计专业应注重技能培养

在统计课教学中，要设置基本技能标准，积极改进教学方法，强化实践教学环节，以此来增强学生基本技能，以实现高职学生的培养目标。