现代企业物流成本管理探析

物流长期以来一直被称之为企业的第三大利润源,在不少企业中,物流成本在销售成本中占了很大比例,因而,加强对物流活动的管理关键是控制和降低企业各种物流费用。本文从现代企业物流成本管理中存在的问题着手,分析了问题的成因,进而提出了改进物流成本管理的措施,最后指出加强现代物流成本管理的必要性。     

A Simple Model to Determine the Efficient Duration of Exams

This study develops a theoretical model for the costs of an exam as a function of its duration. Two kind of costs are distinguished: (1) the costs of measurement errors and (2) the costs of the measurement. Both costs are expressed in time of the student. Based on a classical test theory model, enriched with assumptions on the context, the costs of the exam can be expressed as a function of various parameters, including the duration of the exam. It is shown that these costs can be minimized in time. Applied in a real example with reliability .80, the outcome is that the optimal exam time would be much shorter and would have reliability .675. The consequences of the model are investigated and discussed. One of the consequences is that optimal exam duration depends on the study load of the course, all other things being equal. It is argued that it is worthwhile to investigate empirically how much time students spend on preparing for resits. Six variants of the model are distinguished, which differ in their weights of the errors and in the way grades affect how much time students study for the resit.     

基于上游企业的纵向兼并效应分析

本文从上游企业的角度出发。考察在一个连续双寡头的市场结构中，当下游市场需求相互独立。中间产品不完全替代时的纵向兼并竞争效应。发现参与兼并的企业通过纵向兼并可能降低中间产品价格，从而在损害上游竞争对手。降低其市场势力的基础上。降低了下游竞争对手的总成本。     

一种有效的数据仓库定制应用方式

本文介绍了如何利用DELPHI中的数据仓库组件开发数据仓库应用系统，为用户提供一种有效的定制的数据仓库应用方式，利用此组件可进行灵活的多维数据分析。     

From local networks of SMEs to virtual districts?: Evidence from recent trends in Italy

Industrial districts as local networks of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) rooted their competitiveness in a mix of economic relationships and social ties. Recently, network technologies have promised gains of efficiency through a reduction in transaction costs and showed new commercial opportunities for small firms. Despite the morphological similarities between industrial districts and network technologies, a longitudinal analysis of ICT diffusion within Italian districts shows that the foreseen convergence between the district economic model and new technologies should not be taken for granted. The observed specific evolutionary paths concerning technology innovation in local systems also opens-up issues of economic policy.     

管理客户转移成本:提高客户忠诚

转移成本是获取竞争优势和客户忠诚的关键因素，提高转移成本并锁定客户会带来丰厚的利润。在提出三种转移成本的类型：沉没成本、潜在投资、机会成本的基础上，又提出了管理客户转移成本的建议。     

公司为什么发行可转换债券:连续融资假设的理论及实证分析

通过对国外有关文献的分析,说明为什么要对M ayer的连续融资假设进行进一步讨论,运用博弈论的方法对该假设进行理论分析,推导出在两阶段项目中不同类型的公司之间存在分离均衡,并运用国内市场的数据对连续融资假设进行实证分析。得出扩展连续融资假设与可转债的有效期限应等于项目周期的推论,并对推论进行实证以及对实证结果提出自己的解释。     

民营企业诚信建设的博弈分析

根据博弈理论，民营企业信用缺失的根源在于信息不对称及违约成本过低。重复博弈是企业寻求合作的最佳对策，创建重复博弈的连径是建立中介机构、形成信息共享机制和增加违约成本。     

Do Costs Differ Between For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Producers of Higher Education?

In theory, not-for-profit organizations will be characterized by higher production costs per unit of output than for-profit producers of otherwise-identical goods/services, since profit maximization implies cost minimization per unit of output; breaking even does not imply cost minimization and, indeed, may imply inflated costs. We explore the empirical validity of this hypothesis in the context of higher education. Using 1996 data, we estimate multiproduct cost functions for 1,450 public, 1,316 private, not-for-profit, and 176 private, for-profit institutions of higher education in the United States. We fail to find a statistically significant difference between for-profit and not-for-profit private providers, but do find a statistically significant difference between private, not-for-profit institutions and public institutions.     

我国“三农”困境的制度分析

长期以来,我国农业还存在着增产不增收、城乡居民收入差距拉大等问题。原因之一在于制度安排上,如家庭联产承包责任制的局限性,产业结构调整的制度欠缺,制度外公共产品的供给成本高,城乡分割的管理体制以及小农专业化分工生产面临高昂的交易费用等。这就要求建立并实施土地使用权和所有权的分离、城乡统筹的经济发展战略、城乡统筹的公共产品供给体系以及新兴农民合作经济组织的制度安排,以此来推进我国三农问题的解决。