基于行扫描灰度跳变分析的车牌定位系统的设计与实现

针对车牌定位速度慢,定位准确率不够高的问题,设计并实现了基于行扫描灰度跳变分析的车牌定位系统。该系统通过对图像进行垂直和水平方向的行扫描,并结合车辆牌照自身的特点,分析图像的灰度跳变特征,实现对车辆牌照的定位。并用visual C++实现了该车牌定位系统,实验结果表明该系统定位速度快、准确性较高,具有较好的实用价值。     

Environmental education in transition: A critical review of recent research on climate change and energy education

Abstract

The transition from centralized energy systems based on fossil fuels to renewable-based systems is a macro-level societal shift necessitated by climate change. This review of recent environmental education (EE) research identifies gaps and opportunities for promoting environmental action in this new context. We found that environmental educators and researchers are currently focused on researching and promoting energy conservation behavior with an emphasis on children and youth. We also found an emerging research focus on energy transitions at the regional and national levels. We recommend that environmental educators and researchers adopt a vision and strategy for climate change and energy education that more explicitly addresses the role of collective action, multiactor networks, and sociotechnical innovation in shaping energy transition processes.     

Meta‐analyses from a collaborative project in mobile lifelong learning

This paper focuses on the use of mobile technologies in relation to the aims of the European Union's Lifelong Learning programme. First, we explain the background to the notion of mobile lifelong learning. We then present a methodological framework to analyse and identify good practices in mobile lifelong learning, based on the outcomes of the MOTILL project (‘Mobile Technologies in Lifelong Learning: Best Practices’). In particular, we give an account of the methodology adopted to carry out meta‐analyses of published literature and accounts of mobile learning experiences. Furthermore, we present the results of an implementation of our Evaluation Grid and the implications arising from it in terms of management, pedagogy, policies and ethical issues. Finally, we discuss lessons learnt and future work.     

Empathy-based stories capturing the voice of female secondary school students in Tanzania

Tanzania, like many other African countries, has experienced a rapid expansion of its secondary education sector. This has resulted in large numbers of secondary school graduates struggling to build a future through continuing education or finding employment. ¹ 1. During the past decade, secondary education enrolment in Tanzania has increased rapidly, net enrolment in secondary education in 2009 being 31.3% (URT 2009 United Republic of Tanzania (URT). 2009. Basic education statistics in Tanzania. National data. Dar es Salaam: The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. http://216.15.191.173/statistics.html.  [Google Scholar]). Still, transition rates from primary to secondary education are among the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although almost equal in lower years of primary education, the proportion and performance of girls decrease while moving to the upper secondary education. For a recent review on gender and education in Tanzania, see Okkolin, Lehtomäki, and Bhalalusesa (2010 Okkolin, M.-A., Lehtomäki, E. and Bhalalusesa, E. 2010. Successes and challenges in the education sector development in Tanzania: Focus on gender and inclusive education. Gender and Education, 22(1): 63–71. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Students are faced with the difficult task of assessing their opportunities in the face of various challenges and making plans to build a better life. The presented research uses empathy-based stories to identify which elements were considered to be important by students in determining their success in education. The analysis of narrative data represents a shared cultural meaning on the social and cultural support available to students. The findings suggest that using empathy-based stories as a methodological tool can provide valuable insights for culture-sensitive and intercultural research through its ability to widen the context of discovery.     

Athletes' career transition out of sport: a systematic review

The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic review of studies on athletes' career transition out of sport from 1968 until the end of 2010. A total of 126 studies were evaluated and reported in three sections: sample characteristics, research designs and correlates of athletes' career transition adjustment. Samples ranged from 1 to 1617. Investigators examined a wide range of competitive levels, both genders and various sports. Researchers have used qualitative (44%), quantitative (44%), and mixed-model (12%) designs. Variables correlated to athletes' career transition adjustment were categorized into factors related to career transition (e.g., self-identity) and available resources during the career transition process (e.g., social support). The discussion focuses on the current status of the study area, limitations in its knowledge, suggested practical implications (e.g., providing proactive support) and future research directions (e.g., examining athletes' retirement decision-making process).     

A systematic review of social support in youth sport

The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic review of studies concerning social support in youth sport from 1990 to 2013. A total of 73 studies were evaluated and are reported in four sections: sample characteristics; research designs; social support provider type; and key correlates relating to social support. Samples ranged from 1 to 564. Studies examined a wide range of sports, ages (10–22 years) and competition levels. Studies used qualitative (23%), quantitative (75%) and mixed-model (2%) designs. The main conclusion is that recent advances in the conceptualization of social support have generated a more diverse set of methods to examine the quantity and satisfaction of social support in a sports context. Coaches were identified as the most prevalent provider of social support through offering participants unique forms of tangible, informational, emotional and esteem support. Furthermore, coach, parent and peer support plays a significant role in shaping youth sport experiences both from a positive (athlete motivation levels, elite sport participation) and negative (drop-out) perspective. The discussion focuses on the current status of the research area, limitations, suggested practical implications (e.g., providing proactive support) and future research directions (e.g., examining optimal support matching).     

Government-affiliated intermediary organisations as actors in system-level transitions

The article draws from two theoretical fields, innovation intermediation and sustainability transitions, to examine the role of government-affiliated intermediary organisations in system-level transitions. The role of intermediaries working between actors – producers and users, entrepreneurs and adopters, idea generators and funders – has seldom been specifically addressed in the transitions literature. Thus, the role of intermediary organisations in enacting change in socio-technical regimes, particularly of intermediaries falling between traditional public sector and private sector actors, is of interest in this article. Empirical analyses of two Finnish organisations, Sitra and Motiva, show that government-affiliated intermediaries are likely to engage in strategic niche management processes in diverse ways, each organisation having its own distinct characteristics. The analysis also points out that to get from niches to transition, sustained systemic intermediaries are crucial in articulating new visions and expectations. Government-affiliated intermediaries may make an important contribution to sustainability transitions by initiating and managing new policy or market processes and by acting as an impartial contact point or voice for new networks of actors. While independence from public administration is likely to facilitate networking, too neutral a stance or limited temporal engagement may reduce the transition-facilitating effects.     

Compulsive policy-making—The evolution of the German feed-in tariff system for solar photovoltaic power

In recent years, policy approaches that build upon the notion of innovation systems have enjoyed increasing attention in science, technology and innovation policy. But while the usefulness of systemic thinking in policy-making has been demonstrated in a large number of empirical settings, we still lack a detailed understanding of the dynamics at play when policy makers address systemic problems. In this paper, we show how complex interdependencies and the uncertain nature of technological change shape the process of targeted policy interventions in socio-technical systems. Toward this end we analyzed the evolution of the German feed-in tariff (FIT) system for solar photovoltaic power, a highly effective and widely copied policy instrument targeted at fostering the diffusion and development of renewable energy technologies. We find that the policy has been subject to a considerable amount of changes, many of which are the result of policy makers addressing specific system issues and bottlenecks. Interestingly, however, often these issues themselves were driven by unforeseen technological developments induced by previous policy interventions. We argue that the pattern of policy serving as both a solution to and a driver of technological bottlenecks shows strong similarities with what Rosenberg (1969) called ‘compulsive sequences’ in the development of technical systems. By shedding more light on how the characteristics of socio-technical systems affect policy interventions, our framework represents a first step toward more closely integrating the literature on innovation systems with the work on policy learning.     

第11届世界健美操锦标赛男子单人项目过渡与连接动作编排分析

通过对第11届世界健美操锦标赛男子单人成套动作中的过渡与连接动作进行观察与统计,重点分析过渡与连接动作的次数、比例、空间转换特征、运动轴类型、衔接功能等指标内容,探讨在2009-2012年周期规则导向下成套动作中过渡与连接动作编排的一般规律与技术特征,以及其与成套动作艺术价值评判的关系,以期为竞技健美操成套编排提供参考依据.研究认为:过渡与连接动作次数与比例应整体考虑成套动作内容结构;过渡动作的空间转换特征和运动轴类型是动作多样性、复杂与创新性的重要评价指标;过渡与连接的主要功能是实现承上启下,使成套编排更具流畅性,保障成套整体效果;规则发展趋势拓宽了过渡与连接动作创新设计空间;对于男子单人项目,过渡、连接动作与成套动作艺术评判的相关性排序仅次与操化动作.     

Transitions to school: reframing professional relationships

Systemic splits between pre-compulsory and compulsory early years education impact on transitions to school through discontinuities in children’s experience. This paper presents data from a critical participatory action research project about transitions between pre-compulsory and compulsory early education schooling in Australia. The project aim was to investigate how transitions to school might be enhanced by developing deeper professional relationships and shared understandings between teachers from both sectors. Within the communicative space afforded by a professional learning community, the participants engaged in critical conversations about their understandings of transitions practices and conditions, including systemic differences. Data analysis provides a snapshot of changes in teachers’ thinking about professional relationships, continuity and factors influencing cross-sectoral professional relationships. Findings suggest that affording opportunities for teachers to re-frame cross-sectoral professional relationships has led to transformative changes to transitions practices, understandings and conditions.