美国基于合作伙伴的幼儿教师教育改革述评

美国大学与基础学校建构合作伙伴关系的历史悠久。当下,大学与幼儿园建立合作伙伴关系成为美国幼儿教师教育改革的重要策略,其实质是促进幼儿职前教师培养和在职教师的专业发展。美国基于合作伙伴的幼儿教师教育有效模式包括：威斯康辛大学的合作幼儿教师准备计划、莱特州立大学的创新性幼儿课程、哈特福德大学的专业研究共同体、宾西法尼亚大学的教师教育研究团队。近年来,为了提升幼儿教师教育质量,美国不断改进大学与幼儿园的伙伴关系,确保合作伙伴的有效性。     

Policy ‘partnerships’? Power dynamics in curriculum reform

In curriculum policy, discourses of ‘policy partnerships’ and ‘communities of practice’ have become increasingly prevalent and were reflected in Western Australian curriculum policy processes from the mid‐1990s to the late 2000s – a period of significant, highly contested change. This paper presents the findings of an empirical study into the impact of curriculum reform on the changing dynamics within and between the government and non‐government education sectors, drawing on critical theory and post‐structuralist approaches to policy analysis within a broader framework of policy network theory. This approach is used to highlight power issues at all levels of the policy trajectory. This research found that despite policy discourses of collaborative and consultative processes to create a ‘shared’ curriculum, the government and non‐government education sectors remain largely distinct due to significant power differentials, as well as structural and cultural differences. The analysis reveals three closely connected emergent themes – limited collaboration, regulated consultation and enhanced state control of curriculum policy agendas. It is argued here that although discourses of ‘policy partnerships’ and ‘community of practice’ are increasingly evidenced in contemporary curriculum policy, they do not take sufficient account of embedded hierarchical power relationships. Further, such discourses can be used as legitimisation strategies to promulgate policy changes which enhance the steerage capacity of the state. Deeply entrenched power differentials operate simultaneously to distort policy partnerships and communities of practice, by both including and excluding particular sets of policy actors.     

‘Smart state’ for a knowledge economy: reconstituting creativity through student subjectivity

Rejecting notions of creativity as self‐realisation through free expression, this article argues that such discourses currently driving education policy comprise intellectual technologies for the production of student subjectivities required by neoliberal contexts. Using a governmentality framework, it locates the conditions of possibility for the creative subject within dominant policy articulations of the global knowledge economy and emerging rationalities of risk and uncertainty. The analysis focuses on an industry school partnership formed by a state education system in Queensland, Australia, and several multinational corporations. It examines how the partnership has emerged as a novel neoliberal space for the constitution of new education figures such as the enterprising teacher and the entrepreneurial student‐worker. These subjectivities are functional to the devolved governing strategy of social investment, which seeks to achieve a broad reconstitution of relationships between students, schools and industry in Queensland.     

试析高校跨国高等教育的活动形式及其影响

高等学校在跨国教育市场的行为和国家教育扩张战略是紧密相连的。各国高校组织根据本国在世界高等教育中心或边缘的位置,凭借各种高等教育资源优势,选取特定的活动策略实施跨国教育活动。高校的跨国高等教育活动一般包括一国高等教育机构在海外的办学活动、一国的高等教育机构与国外的有关机构合作开设联合的学术项目以及通过远程技术实现远距离教学三种形式。这些活动的开展对高校既有积极的影响又带来负面的作用。     

“You have to do something beyond containing”: developing inclusive systems in a partnership of primary schools

Reducing fixed term exclusions (FTE) in primary schools is a difficult proposition. This research discusses how a partnership of primary schools developed more inclusive systems to support students previously given FTEs for disciplinary purposes. Longitudinal data from interviews and documentary sources trace the development of an approach amongst primary schools with previously high levels of FTE. The process of developing a model of transferred inclusion (TI) within the partnership led to schools changing practices around behaviour management, thus developing more inclusive systems. The paper elaborates on partnership work around the TI project that opened up discussion and questioning of practice around behaviour, leading to schools thinking about their systemic practice. The benefits of TI, therefore, were a prompt for development, rather than just an intervention to reduce exclusions. Changes in practice supported through the TI process lead to claims that substantive change would not have happened without the TI project.     

The regulation of transnational higher education in Southeast Asia: Case studies of Hong Kong, Malaysia and Australia

The millennium round of the General Agreement on Tradein Services (GATS) underlines issues relating to the regulationof education as an internationally traded service. Transnationaleducation is a key component of such trade. Southeast Asia issomething of a laboratory in the development and regulation oftransnational education. The region combines high demand, keencompetition among providers, and host country regulatory regimesranging from relatively laissez faire to strongly interventionist.This paper examines the approaches of three Southeast Asiangovernments – Hong Kong, Malaysia and Australia – to theregulation of transnational education within their borders. Ineach case the authors provide background on the higher educationsystem, describe the regulatory approaches to transnationaleducation, and analyse the motivations behind regulation. Boththe neoliberal approach of the WTO to trade in educationalservices, and critiques of this approach, are outlined. Theauthors conclude that any attempts to promote global standards orquality principles for transnational education must address themyriad concerns of governments, including consumer protection,advancing national goals and protecting the local system.     

大学教育国际化与人才培养新趋势——环太平洋大学联盟国际化问题研究

大学教育国际化虽然不是一个新的话题，但是在经济全球化背景中，却出现了一些新的现象。这些现象表明目前的大学教育国际化与传统的大学教育国际化非常不同。比如，目前大学教育的跨国性已经超出了传统大学教育国际化的范畴。传统大学教育国际化是以学生和教师的流动为主，而目前的大学教育国际化体现为大学与大学之间的交流与合作。环太平洋大学联盟成员大学如何看待国际化问题，如何实施国际化，国际化的新趋势是什么是本文论述的焦点。     

论经济全球化时代产业组织理论的范式创新

经济全球化是世界资源在全球范围的优化配置,是以世界多极化、经济市场化和知识经济化为条件的,其根本性特征是生产全球一体化,其产业的组织打破了国家和地区的界线,形成了以跨国公司为主体的全球化组织形式,且竞争与垄断的关系向效率中心演化,经济垄断结构成为产业国际竞争力的核心因素,由此导致产业组织理论由“市场结构”分析范式向“垄断结构”分析范式转变。     

Multiple paths towards education privatization in a globalizing world: a cultural political economy review

Over the last two decades, education privatization has become a widespread phenomenon, affecting most education systems and giving place to a consistent increase in private school enrolment globally. However, far from being a monolithic phenomenon, privatization advances through a variety of context-sensitive policy processes that translate into multiple policy outcomes. This paper aims at understanding why and how education privatization unfolds in a broad variety of settings and, to this purpose, examines the different manifestations of education privatization on the light of Cultural Political Economy (CPE). The conceptual and analytical tools provided by CPE prove to be particularly well suited to explore such a multi-faceted and multi-scalar phenomenon. CPE has helped us to capture the intersect and tension between different drivers (global and local, material and ideational) of education privatization through the evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention. On the basis of a systematic literature review methodology, encompassing 227 research papers, the article identifies and systematizes six different paths towards education privatization – understood as groups of frequently associated circumstances, mechanisms and courses of action leading to privatization. Conceived as ideal types, these different paths ultimately allow for a richer understanding of education privatization and show that the international diffusion of education privatization norms and discourses is far from producing policy convergence at a global scale.     

Reimagining the role of mentor teachers in professional experience: moving to I as fellow teacher educator

New accreditation requirements for Australian initial teacher education programs require that universities and schools establish quality partnerships to ensure strong links between pre-service teachers’ university-based learning and school-based professional learning experiences. This paper focuses on the shifts of identity, thinking and practice that occurred for five school-based mentor teachers as they co-created new professional experience practices alongside university-based teacher educators in a Teaching Academies of Professional Practice (TAPP) project. Interview data was analysed through the theoretical framework of Dialogical Self Theory to examine how the repositioning of mentor teachers as fellow teacher educators allowed for expansion in the understanding and enactment of their role. The findings of this study suggest that partnerships between schools and universities can enhance learning opportunities for all participants when commitments are made to creating collaborative and dialogical spaces to support new approaches to teacher education.