对跆拳道运动员心肺机能的研究分析

通过对西安体育学院 2 0名跆拳道集训运动员的心电图、血压、肺活量和最大摄氧量等指标的测定 ,研究了跆拳道运动员心肺机能的现状 ,并与文献报道进行对比评价 ,结果表明西安体院跆拳道运动员 :1)在安静状态下 ,ECG的异常率为 10 %。 2 )最大摄氧量 (VO2 max)明显底于文献报道的国家级优秀跆拳道运动员。3)男子 5 4kg、6 4kg级别和女子 47kg、5 5 kg级别的最大摄氧量高于其他级别。提示 :西安体育学院跆拳道运动员还需加强心功能的训练 ,进一步提高最大摄氧量利用率 ,同时应注意医务监督。     

运动时骨骼肌内一氧化氮信号传递途径及一氧化氮对骨骼肌摄取葡萄糖的调节作用

骨骼肌内葡糖糖的摄取和代谢对血糖稳定有重要作用。众多研究表明运动中一氧化氮(NO)大量生成对骨骼肌摄取葡糖糖有重要影响。进一步研究发现,肌肉收缩和摄取葡萄糖与NO的生成、传递联系密切,但相关机制还不明确。文章综述了运动时骨骼肌内NO及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)生成和传递的途径及其对运动中骨骼肌摄取葡糖糖的影响和可能的机制。     

Dissociation between running economy and running performance in elite Kenyan distance runners

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between running economy (RE) and performance in a homogenous group of competitive Kenyan distance runners. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO_2max) (68.8 ± 3.8 ml?kg^?1?min^?1) was determined on a motorised treadmill in 32 Kenyan (25.3 ± 5.0 years; IAAF performance score: 993 ± 77 p) distance runners. Leg anthropometry was assessed and moment arm of the Achilles tendon determined. While Achilles moment arm was associated with better RE (r² = 0.30, P = 0.003) and upper leg length, total leg length and total leg length to body height ratio were correlated with running performance (r = 0.42, P = 0.025; r = 0.40, P = 0.030 and r = 0.38, P = 0.043, respectively), RE and maximal time on treadmill (t_max) were not associated with running performance (r = ?0.01, P = 0.965; r = 0.27; P = 0.189, respectively) in competitive Kenyan distance runners. The dissociation between RE and running performance in this homogenous group of runners would suggest that RE can be compensated by other factors to maintain high performance levels and is in line with the idea that RE is only one of many factors explaining elite running performance.     

基于核心资源摄取和培育的民办学校领导

学校资源的质、量、结构等对学校发展至关重要。成功的民办学校有其资源建设的共性:有效整合校内资源,合理分配好学校资源,适度借用外部资源,注重积累核心资源,注意保护资源。民办学校资源摄取的途径,有三种方式:市场交换方式、政府(计划)安排方式、关系网络方式。基于民办学校核心资源的六个基本特征——不可复制性、顾客价值、竞争性、可控性、战略环境性、再生性,办学者要寻找与学校发展战略匹配的核心资源:独特的学校教育模式和文化,做民办学校核心资源的研究者、决策者和打造者。     

场地自行车4 000 m追逐赛不同起动方式摄氧动力模型的分析

目的：研究4 000 m场地自行车运动VO2反应,及前15 s高功率起动对运动成绩的影响。方法：11名男子自行车运动员在功率车上进行递增负荷试验和两种不同起动强度的4 000 m运动。首先进行前60 s平均功率（128±2）%MAP即（501.7±41.9）w强度对照模式运动;5 h后进行模拟模式运动,强度在第8~10 s达到最高值235%MAP（928.3±77.6）w,后逐步下降,15 s时至平均功率（421.9±40.1）w,维持15~60 s。60 s之后两组均进行自由速度模式,强度控制在380~420 w之间。结果：整个测试过程模拟组较对照组平均功率高19 w左右,有统计学差异。模拟组15~60 sVO2高于对照组,模拟组15s~60sVO2高于对照组,而AOD却低于对照组,对整个运动表现有促进作用。结论：4 000 m场地自行车运动前15 s高输出功率可伴随着更快的VO2反应而不是单一归于节省时间理论,并可促进中等距离自行车计时运动员的摄氧动员能力。     

我国藏、汉族体育系学生呼吸机能部分指标的比较

通过对体育系藏汉族学生部分机能指标的测试、整理,发现世居高原的藏族学生在肺活量、运动后肺活量、O2max呼吸频率、呼吸差、胸围围度等指标方面,均高于体育系汉族学生.     

关于最大摄氧量的限制因素

影响最大摄氧量的生理学因素有:氧运输系统被称为中枢因素,骨骼肌氧利用系统被称为外周因素。研究表明,运动形式不同,限制因素不同。心肺系统是人体在完成最大全身运动时最大摄氧量的限制因素,而骨骼肌内外周氧扩散梯度及线粒体容量是人体在完成局部肌肉活动或单侧肢体运动时起主要限制作用。而线粒体容量和氧运输能力在解释不同动物物种间的最大摄氧量差异时是很重要的。     

“参花合剂”对推迟疲劳及提高运动能力的作用研究

[目的]旨在探讨“参花合剂”在推迟疲劳及提高运动能力中的作用.[方法]采用运动后即刻的生理、生化指标,对60名男性受试者(其中30名实验组,30名为对照组)服用“参花合剂”50 d前、后分别进行的运动试验进行对比分析.[结果]服用“参花合剂”50 d后,实验对象在定量负荷运动时心率、吸氧量等比服用前明显降低(p<0.05);实验对象在极量负荷运动时,心率、吸氧量等比服用前明显增加,极量负荷的运动持续的时间明显延长(p<0.05);血LA、血清CK、血清LDH明显降低(p<0.05);极量负荷后的恢复期时间明显缩短(p<0.05).相反,对照组的实验前后的各种指标均无明显的变化(p>0.05).[结论]“参花合剂”可有效地提高受试者的运动能力和推迟疲劳的出现,证明“参花合剂”可作为抗疲劳补剂的一种,成为运动员提高运动成绩的辅助手段之一.     

Effects of elevated CO(2) levels on root morphological traits and Cd uptakes of two Lolium species under Cd stress

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of elevated CO₂ levels and cadmium (Cd) on the root morphological traits and Cd accumulation in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Lolium perenne L. exposed to two CO₂ levels (360 and 1 000 μl/L) and three Cd levels (0, 4, and 16 mg/L) under hydroponic conditions. The results show that elevated levels of CO₂ increased shoot biomass more, compared to root biomass, but decreased Cd concentrations in all plant tissues. Cd exposure caused toxicity to both Lolium species, as shown by the restrictions of the root morphological parameters including root length, surface area, volume, and tip numbers. These parameters were significantly higher under elevated levels of CO₂ than under ambient CO₂, especially for the number of fine roots. The increases in magnitudes of those parameters triggered by elevated levels of CO₂ under Cd stress were more than those under non-Cd stress, suggesting an ameliorated Cd stress under elevated levels of CO₂. The total Cd uptake per pot, calculated on the basis of biomass, was significantly greater under elevated levels of CO₂ than under ambient CO₂. Ameliorated Cd toxicity, decreased Cd concentration, and altered root morphological traits in both Lolium species under elevated levels of CO₂ may have implications in food safety and phytoremediation.     

A Maximal Graded Exercise Test to Accurately Predict VO2max in 18–65-Year-Old Adults

The purpose of this study was to develop an age-generalized regression model to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) based on a maximal treadmill graded exercise test (GXT; George, 1996) George, J. D. 1996. Alternative approach to maximal exercise testing and VO_2max prediction in college students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67: 452–457. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. Participants (N?=?100), ages 18–65 years, reached a maximal level of exertion (mean?±?standard deviation [SD]; maximal heart rate [HR_max]?=?185.2?±?12.4 beats per minute (bpm); maximal respiratory exchange ratio [RER_max]?=?1.18?±?0.05; maximal rating of perceived exertion (RPE_max)?=?19.1?±?0.7) during the GXT to assess VO_2max (mean?±?SD; 40.24?±?9.11 mL·kg^?1·min^?1). Multiple linear regression generated the following prediction equation (R?=?.94, standard error of estimate [SEE]?=?3.18 mL·kg^?1·min^?1, %SEE?=?7.9): VO_2max (mL·kg^?1·min^?1)?=?13.160?+?(3.314 × gender; females?=?0, males?=?1) ? (.131 × age) ? (.334 × body mass index (BMI))?+?(5.177 × treadmill speed; mph)?+?(1.315 × treadmill grade; %). Cross validation using predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) statistics revealed minimal shrinkage (R_p ?=?.93 and SEE _p ?=?3.40 mL·kg^?1·min^?1); consequently, this model should provide acceptable accuracy when it is applied to independent samples of comparable adults. Standardized β-weights indicate that treadmill speed (.583) was the most effective at predicting VO_2max followed by treadmill grade (.356), age (?.197), gender (.183), and BMI (?.148). This study provides a relatively accurate regression model to predict VO_2max in relatively fit men and women, ages 18–65 years, based on maximal exercise (treadmill speed and grade), biometric (BMI), and demographic (age and gender) data.