甘肃榆中高原训练基地体育资源评价与开发研究

采用文献资料、特尔菲、层次分析、专家访谈、实地调查等方法对甘肃榆中高原训练基地体育资源选取综合评价指标,建立了层次结构模型,并进行科学评价,进而提出甘肃榆中高原训练基地体育资源开发的主要思路和措施,为其进一步开发和利用提供依据和可行性论证.     

Cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses of two interval training and a continuous training protocol in healthy young men

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) can be performed with different effort to rest time-configurations, and this can largely influence training responses. The purpose of the study was to compare the acute physiological responses of two HIIT and one moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol in young men. A randomised cross-over study with 10 men [age, 28.3?±?5.5years; weight, 77.3?±?9.3?kg; height, 1.8?±?0.1?m; peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak), 44?±?11?mL.kg^?1.min^?1]. Participants performed a cardiorespiratory test on a treadmill to assess VO₂peak, velocity associated with VO₂peak (vVO₂peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak) and perceived exertion (RPE). Then participants performed three protocols equated by distance: Short HIIT (29 bouts of 30s at vVO₂peak, interspersed by 30s of passive recovery, 29?min in total), Long HIIT (3 bouts of 4?min at 90% of vVO₂peak, interspersed by 3?min of recovery at 60% of vVO₂peak, 21?min in total) and MICT (21?min at 70% of vVO₂peak). The protocols were performed in a randomised order with ≥48 h between them. VO₂, HRpeak and RPE were compared. VO₂peak in Long HIIT was significantly higher than Short HIIT and MICT (43?±?11 vs 32?±?8 and 37?±?8?mL.kg^?1.min^?1, respectively, P?P?P?2, HR and RPE than Short HIIT and MICT, suggesting a higher demand on the cardiorespiratory system. Short HIIT and MICT presented similar physiologic and perceptual responses, despite Short HIIT being performed at higher velocities.     

No effect of HMB or α-HICA supplementation on training-induced changes in body composition

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (calcium: HMB-Ca and free acid: HMB-FA) and α-hydroxyisocaproic acid (α-HICA) are leucine metabolites that have been proposed to improve body composition and strength when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). In this double-blind randomized controlled pragmatic trial, we evaluated the effects of off-the-shelf supplements: α-HICA, HMB-FA and HMB-Ca, on RET-induced changes in body composition and performance. Forty men were blocked randomized to receive α-HICA (n?=?10, fat-free mass [FFM]?=?62.0?±?7.1?kg), HMB-FA (n?=?11, FFM?=?62.7?±?10.5?kg), HMB-Ca (n?=?9, FFM?=?65.6?±?10.1?kg) or placebo (PLA; n?=?10, FFM?=?64.2?±?5.7?kg). The training protocol consisted of a whole-body resistance training routine, thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and total body water (TBW) by whole-body bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), both at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. Time-dependent changes were observed for increase in trunk FFM (p?相似文献   

我国校园足球可持续发展的若干问题研究

发展校园足球是推进我国校园体育活动的重要力量,亦是提升我国足球运动水平的必然选择。虽然在相关政策的支持下,我国校园足球发展迅速,但依然面临经费短缺、师资不足、发展不均衡、学训矛盾突出、体制机制不完善、社会认可度不高、医疗保障体系不健全等问题。指出,学校应密切联系俱乐部、企业,多渠道获取发展资源;从内部培养与外部引进两方面充实师资力量;坚持全面发展原则,妥善解决学训矛盾,提升学生综合素质;加强足球文化建设,营造良好氛围,提升足球参与者的荣誉感;强化校园足球风险防范意识,加强风险管理。旨在促进我国校园足球健康可持续发展。     

The load-velocity profile differs more between men and women than between individuals with different strength levels

This study aimed to determine the suitability of the load-velocity relationship to prescribe the relative load (%1RM) in women, as well as to compare the load-velocity profile between sexes and participants with different strength levels. The load-velocity relationship of 14 men (1RM: 1.17 ± 0.19) and 14 women (1RM: 0.66 ± 0.13) were evaluated in the bench press exercise. The main findings revealed that: (I) the load-velocity relationship was always strong and linear (R² range: 0.987–0.993), (II) a steeper load-velocity profile was observed in men compared to women (Effect size [ES]: 1.09), with men showing higher velocities for light loads (ES: ? 0.81 and ? 0.40 for the y-intercept and 30%1RM, respectively), but women reporting higher velocities for the heavy loads (ES: 1.14 and 1.50 at 90%1RM and 100%1RM, respectively); and (III) while the slope of the load-velocity profile was moderately steeper for weak men compared to their strong counterpart (ES: 1.02), small differences were observed between strong and weak women (ES: ? 0.39). While these results support the use of the individual load-velocity relationship to prescribe the %1RM in the bench press exercise for women, they also highlight the large disparities in their load-velocity profile compared to men.     

不同抗阻训练方案对T淋巴细胞亚群迁移和凋亡的影响*

研究旨在探讨一次不同抗阻训练方案对外周血CD4＋和CD8＋T淋巴细胞亚群迁移和凋亡的影响。通过实验法15名无训练经历的健康青年男性分别进行一次以促进肌肉肥大（H-RT组,方案：70%1RM,10RM,3组,组间间歇1.5 min）和以改善肌肉耐力（E-RT组,方案：60%1RM,15RM,3组,组间间歇1 min）为目的的抗阻训练方案。并于训练前、训练后即刻、训练后2 h和24 h利用流式细胞仪测定表面标志物CX3CR1和annexin V表达量检测CD4＋、CD8＋T淋巴细胞亚群迁移和凋亡（用阳性表达率表示）。得出以下数据：（1）CD4＋T细胞在H-RT组运动后即刻和运动后24 h,annexin V和CX3CR1阳性表达率显著性升高（P<0.05）。E-RT组annexin V阳性表达率在运动后即刻降低（P<0.05）,24 h显著性升高（P<0.05）;CX3CR1阳性表达率仅在运动后即刻升高（P<0.05）。（2）CD8＋T细胞在H-RT组和E-RT组运动后即刻和运动后24 h,annexin V和CX3CR1阳性表达率均显著性升高（P<0.05）。通过对以上数据的分析,研究得出以下结论：CD4＋T淋巴细胞亚群对于急性抗阻训练的免疫反应存在运动方案依赖性。     

高校田径队业余化训练可持续化发展研究

通过对全国大学生田径队业余化训练的现状,全国大学生竞标赛的参赛情况,高校田径队训练存在的问题总结出制约其可持续发展的因素,并提出对策和建议。采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法等对以上问题进行整理归纳。研究表明：高校田径运动普及推广得不够;全国高校田径锦标赛成绩在一定程度上出现下滑的态势;高校田径队业余化训练体制不健全;业余教练员没有系统化培训上岗。     

2019-nCoV疫情期间封闭管训对省级运动项目中心冬训运动员心境影响的分析

目的：通过对第一手资料的描述与分析,探究冬训期间,2019-nCoV(新型冠状病毒)疫情影响下的完全封闭式管理与训练对运动员心境变化的影响。方法：使用简式心境量表(POMS)对我国南方某省重竞技项目中心217名运动员在疫情爆发前后进行为期4周的心境监控。结果：不同性别运动员的TMD(Total Mood Disturbance )分数存在显著差异(p=0.000);不同运动项目(跆拳道、柔道、拳击、古典式摔跤和自由式摔跤)运动员的TMD分数存在显著差异(p=0.000);不同强度下运动员的分数存在显著差异(p=0.002)。封闭式管训之后,运动员的疲劳分数(p=0.000)和自尊分数(p=0.021)显著低于封闭管训之前,精力分数有下降的趋势。结论：训练强度对疲劳感影响显著,而重大公共疫情及相应的封闭式管训可能引起运动员自尊水平下降,进而导致其他消极情绪的上升。     

Validity and reliability of a linear positional transducer across commonly practised resistance training exercises

This study investigated the validity and reliability of the GymAware PowerTool (GPT). Thirteen resistance trained participants completed three visits, consisting of three repetitions of free-weight back squat, bench press, deadlift (80% one repetition maximum), and countermovement jump. Bar displacement, peak and mean velocity, peak and mean force, and jump height were calculated using the GPT, a three-dimensional motion capture system (Motion Analysis Corporation; 150 Hz), and a force plate (Kistler; 1500 Hz). Least products regression were used to compare agreeability between devices. A within-trial one-way ANOVA, typical error (TE; %), and smallest worthwhile change (SWC) were used to assess reliability. Regression analysis resulted in R² values of >0.85 for all variables excluding deadlift mean velocity (R² = 0.54–0.69). Significant differences were observed between visits 3-2 for bench press bar displacement (0.395 ± 0.055 m; 0.383 ± 0.053 m), and deadlift bar displacement (0.557 ± 0.034 m; 0.568 ± 0.034 m). No other significant differences were found. Low to moderate TE (0.6–8.8%) were found for all variables, with SWC ranging 1.7–7.4%. The data provides evidence that the GPT can be used to measure kinetic and kinematic outputs, however, care should be taken when monitoring deadlift performance.     

Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R² = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.