足球运动中的哲学思想

在足球运动的过程中无论是训练还是比赛,处处都存在着哲学思想。本文采用文献资料法对足球运动中的一些现象用哲学的观点去解释。在足球运动中,进攻与防守,整体与局部,整体与个人,边路与中路,时间与空间,比赛与训练等,都会影响整个比赛的结果。如果谁掌握了这里的奥秘那么他就会取得比赛的优势和胜利。     

第12届欧洲足球锦标赛决赛阶段各队进球统计与分析

通过对第12届欧洲足球锦标赛决赛阶段31场比赛的77个进球情况进行统计分析,结果显示,下半场的进球数高于上半场,比赛的开始时段是进球的低谷,75～90min时段是进球的高峰;进球的主要射门区域是在罚球区内;进球射门方式以脚射为主;中路进攻和边路进攻相结合才是进球的有效手段;各位置进球最多的是前锋运动员。     

英国反足球观众暴力立法的变迁历程与内容透视

通过文献资料调研对英国的反足球观众暴力立法进行研究,分析英国历年来的相关立法,找出它们之间的变迁和沿革关系,从横向、纵向两方面对相关立法的主要内容进行总结,结果认为英国的每一部反足球观众暴力立法都有其相关背景;这些立法之间有着密切的联系;英国进行反足球观众暴力立法的重点是,从一开始的赛场安全逐渐转移到了对足球观众暴力事件的控制和防范;逐渐扩大了足球观众暴力犯罪的范围,加大了对足球观众暴力犯罪的打击和处罚力度;赋予了法院和警方更多的权力和责任。     

我国与世界优秀女子足球运动员年龄、身高、体重特征的比较研究

运用数理统计、资料分析和比较法,对参加2003年女子足球世界杯与2003年中国女子超级联赛的女足队员的年龄、身高、体重进行了统计分析与比较。研究表明:世界优秀女子足球运动员的年龄、身高和体重有其特点和规律;与我国女子运动员相比,两群体在年龄、体重方面差异存在显著性;而身高方面差异不具有显著性。两群体不同位置队员的年龄存在非常显著性差异;而在身高和体重方面不同位置运动员之间的差异不具有显著性。此结果可为女子足球运动员的选材、训练提供参考。     

Home advantage in soccer: A retrospective analysis

The existence of home advantage has been established for all major professional team sports in England and North America. The advantage was found to be greatest in soccer, with the home team currently obtaining about 64% of all points gained in the English Football League. Home advantage has changed very little since the formation of the League in 1888 and there are only small variations between the four Divisions of the League. The advantage is less marked in local derbies, in the FA Cup and in non‐professional competitions. It is greater in the European Cup and increases as the stages of the competition progress. The allocation of three points, instead of two, for a win in the Football League has not changed home advantage, but its effect has been greatly reduced in the GM Vauxhall Conference where an away win gains more points than a home win. The statistical evidence suggests that crowd support and travel fatigue contribute less to home advantage in soccer than do the less easily quantifiable benefits of familiarity with conditions when playing at home. Further possible explanations for the advantage are discussed in the light of findings in other sports.     

Analysis of repeated high-intensity running performance in professional soccer

Abstract

The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to characterize repeated high-intensity movement activity profiles of a professional soccer team in official match-play; and (2) to inform and verify the construct validity of tests commonly used to determine repeated-sprint ability in soccer by investigating the relationship between the results from a test of repeated-sprint ability and repeated high-intensity performance in competition. High-intensity running performance (movement at velocities >19.8 km · h^?1 for a minimum of 1 s duration) was measured in 20 players using computerized time–motion analysis. Performance in 80 French League 1 matches was analysed. In addition, 12 of the 20 players performed a repeated-sprint test on a non-motorized treadmill consisting of six consecutive 6 s sprints separated by 20 s passive recovery intervals. In all players, most consecutive high-intensity actions in competition were performed after recovery durations ≥61 s, recovery activity separating these efforts was generally active in nature with the major part of this spent walking, and players performed 1.1 ± 1.1 repeated high-intensity bouts (a minimum of three consecutive high-intensity bouts with a mean recovery time ≤20 s separating efforts) per game. Players reporting lowest performance decrements in the repeated-sprint ability test performed more high-intensity actions interspersed by short recovery times (≤20 s, P < 0.01 and ≤30 s, P < 0.05) compared with those with higher decrements. Across positional roles, central-midfielders performed more high-intensity actions separated by short recovery times (≤20 s) and spent a larger proportion of time running at higher intensities during recovery periods, while fullbacks performed the most repeated high-intensity bouts (statistical differences across positional roles from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). These findings have implications for repeated high-intensity testing and physical conditioning regimens.     

The influence of pitch dimensions on performance during small-sided and conditioned soccer games

Abstract

This study examined the influence of pitch dimensions in small-sided soccer games in shaping opportunities for performers to maintain ball possession, pass to teammates and shoot at goal. Fifteen amateur standard male participants (M = 21.87, σ = 1.96 years) played 5 v 5 small-sided soccer games in three varying pitch conditions (28 m × 14 m, 40 m × 20 m and 52 m × 26 m). Thirty sequences of play in each condition were selected for digitisation using TACTO software, allowing the capture of bi-dimensional displacement coordinate data of all players and the ball. The values of interpersonal distance between all attackers and immediate defenders and the relative distances of defenders to intercept a shot and a pass were computed as dependent variables. Results showed existence of fewer opportunities to maintain ball possession on smaller pitches, compared to medium and larger pitches. Conversely, the different dimensions set to the pitch did not influence opportunities for players to shoot at goal, or to perform passes to other teammates. By examining the specific spatial–temporal relationships of players and key-task constraints, the data from this study explain how effects of manipulating pitch dimensions of small-sided games might enhance opportunities for acquiring specific movement and decision-making skills.     

第18届世界杯足球赛前场定位球攻守战术运用情况分析

通过文献资料调研、录像统计等方法对第18届世界杯足球赛前场定位球进攻和防守战术运用情况进行统计、分析,得出以下主要结论:1)随着足球比赛激烈程度的提高,前场定位球攻守战术运用效果,已成为影响比赛胜负结果的重要因素之一;2)本届世界杯足球赛任意球直接射门数少于配合射门数;3)前场任意球防守力量分布主要体现在3个部分,一是防守人墙;二是封锁要害空间;三是盯防进攻运动员。任意球罚球点区域变化,防守力量重点随之变化;4)本届世界杯足球赛角球进攻组织配合形式以长传角球为主,长传角球射门次数以及进球率高于战术角球,但战术角球的射门率比长传角球高;5)在进行角球防守组织和区域布防时,防守长传角球时一般不设置专门运动员防守罚球运动员,前、后门柱区域是防守重点之一。     

高校足球训练教学创新浅探

针对高校足球传统教学主要问题,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法及比较研究法等方法,对高校足球教学创新进行研究与探讨。     

优秀女子足球运动员间歇性恢复能力的评价研究

目的：：探讨运用限定级数YO-YO IR2测试以及心率恢复速率评价我国优秀女足运动员的间歇恢复能力。方法：运用测试法对2013年冬训期间的10名国家女足运动员进行YO-YO IR2测试、心率监控以及比赛监测,采集运动员测试跑动距离、心率特征以及比赛中高强度跑动距离,进行统计学分析。结论：女足运动员YO-YO IR2测试结果以及心率恢复速率与比赛中的高强度跑动能力具有紧密相关性,提示YO-YO IR2测试以及心率监控可以作为评价女足运动员间歇性恢复能力的有效方法。与传统的力竭性YO-YO IR2测试法相比,采用限定级数的YO-YO IR2测试后的心率恢复速率评价更易于女足运动员接受,在训练中具有更好的适用性。