Who's right, Marshall or Jacobs? The localization versus urbanization debate

A large amount of literature provides empirical evidence in support of Marshall or Jacobs theories regarding the specialization or diversity effects on the economic performance of regions. This paper surveys these scholarly contributions and summarizes their results according to their similarities and differences. The reviewed empirical work presents a diverse picture of possible conditions and circumstances under which each kind of externalities could be at work. The wide breadth of findings is generally not explained by differences in the strength of agglomeration forces across industries, countries or time periods, but by measurement and methodological issues. The levels of industrial and geographical aggregation together with the choice of performance measures, specialization and diversity indicators are the main causes for the lack of resolution in the debate. The 3-digit industrial classification seems to be the level at which MAR and Jacobs effects are undistinguishable from one another, and this is often exacerbated by a high level of geographical aggregation.     

从第11届全国冬运会看我国速度滑冰运动的发展

为进一步探讨我国速滑运动的发展现状,采用文献资料调研、现场观察和走访调查等方法对第11届全国冬季运动会速滑比赛进行调研,通过对第11届全国冬运会速度滑冰参赛运动员的年龄、奖牌分布、比赛成绩进行分析,揭示了我国速滑运动的发展现状,并与第10届全国冬季运动会比赛情况进行对比,指出我国速度滑冰运动已经形成三足鼎立的良性发展格局,运动成绩有较大幅度的提高,呈现出良性发展趋势,但与世界强国相比还有较大差距。提出了加强技术创新、加强教练员的队伍建设、加强科学化训练水平和加强后备人才建设筹建议。     

从全国第11届冬运会冰壶比赛看我国冰壶运动发展现状

采用文献资料调研、数理统计、调查等方法,对参加全国第11届冬运会各参赛队情况进行调研,结果显示：我国冰壶运动整体水平提升较快,冰壶运动员年龄普遍较小,技战术有待提高,队伍逐步成熟,进军冬奥会前景光明。现阶段还存在参赛队伍较少,队伍分布不合理;运动员在心理上不稳定,对细腻壶的处理能力不强;比赛中打法单一,不能针对对手的技、战术特点来合理对待;训练场地不规范等问题。提出了请进来,走出去,组织国家队到世界冰壶强国去学习、训练和比赛;加强冰壶运动科研力度,培养冰壶运动的科研团队等建议。     

11届世界田径锦标赛金牌项目的分布特征分析

对11届世界田径锦标赛金牌分布情况进行统计分析,阐述世界田径项目分布的格局和规律,旨在为世界田径项目的发展提供参考。     

第11届世界青年田径锦标赛男子跳高运动员起跳技术的运动学分析

对第11届世界青年田径锦标赛男子跳高运动员进行起跳技术的三维运动学分析,结果表明:研究对象最后一步技术与世界优秀运动员的差异性小;H2、成绩和重心最大高度均相对较低;起跳点距离横杆垂直面过近;助跑速度和起跳结束时的身体重心垂直速度低;利用水平速度的能力不够;起跳结束时重心垂直速度与垂直加速距离、摆动腿摆动速度与摆动腿水平角、缓冲时间占总时间的百分比与垂直速度呈显著性正相关.     

校园IC卡综合管理系统的实现

针对常规校园管理系统的缺点与不足,设计出基于IC卡的校园综合管理系统.该系统的硬件设计和软件设计均采用模块化设计.硬件各模块由计算机、读写器、IC卡组成;软件模块采用VB来编写应用程序.校园综合管理系统将智能IC卡的强大功能与计算机网络的数字化理念融入校园,将学校各个系统连为一体,动态掌握每一持卡人情况,极大地提高学校的管理水平.     

Japanese Prime Minister Koizumi's Call for International Cooperation: An Analysis from English and Japanese Perspectives

Abstract

For the First International Conference on the Reconstruction of Afghanistan in Tokyo January 21–22, 2002, Japan made all efforts to help multilateral institutions reengage with each other. Prior to the conference, Japanese Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro presented Japan's experience and expertise in rebuilding a once war-torn nation in an English article and its Japanese translation. In this study, I focus on the article “Starting from Scratch … Again” and elucidate his less publicized agenda to broaden Japan's Self Defense Force and to amend its pacifist Constitution in the post-September 11 world.     

基于单片机的智能温湿度控制系统设计

基于单片机的温湿度感测系统,以单片机为核心,由温湿度传感器SHT11、1602液晶显示等麒块组成。通过SHT11对环境的温度和相对湿度进行检测,通过二线串行接口将数字温湿度信号送至单片机．由单片机完成相对湿度的非线性补偿,并将实际温度和相对湿度值送液晶显示器显示,从而实现对环境温温度的测控。     

对刘翔110m栏分段成绩与专项成绩的分析与探讨

选用国内110米栏运动员史冬鹏和世界水平级运动员罗伯斯与刘翔进行对比研究,找出刘翔与国内运动员和世界运动员罗伯斯的技术差别以及各自的优势和弱势。     

The effects of knowledge management on innovative success – An empirical analysis of German firms

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of knowledge management on the innovation success of firms in Germany. We look at innovative firms in the period from 2000 to 2002 taken from the Mannheim Innovation Panel and estimate the effect of collaborative measures of knowledge management on the immediate economic success of different types of innovations. The results of our matching analysis reveal that firms which apply knowledge management perform better in terms of higher-than-average shares of turnover with innovative products compared to their twins. We do not find a significant effect of knowledge management on the share of cost reductions with process innovation.