Cell therapy in congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure （CHF） has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic and its main causes seem to be the aging of the population and the survival of patients with post-myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocyte dropout （necrosis and apoptosis） plays a critical role in the progress of CHF; thus treatment of CHF by exogenous cell implantation will be a promising medical approach. In the acute phase of cardiac damage cardiac stem cells （CSCs） within the heart divide symmetrically and/or asymmetrically in response to the change of heart homeostasis, and at the same time homing of bone marrow stem cells （BMCs） to injured area is thought to occur, which not only reconstitutes CSC population to normal levels but also repairs the heart by differentiation into cardiac tissue. So far, basic studies by using potential sources such as BMCs and CSCs to treat animat CHF have shown improved ventricular remodelling and heart function. Recently, however, a few of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrated mixed results in heart failure with BMC therapy during acute myocardial infarction.     

Effect of a distal protection device on epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion in primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: The beneficial effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been well established, but there is the problem of no-reflow phenomenon which is an adverse prognostic factor in primary PCI. In the present study the effect of a distal protection device (PercuSurge GuardWire; GW) on epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion was evaluated. Methods and Results: Patients with AMI were randomly divided into 2 groups, the GW and the control groups. The GW group included 52 patients with AMI who underwent primary PCI with GW protection and the control group included 60 patients who underwent primary PCI without GW protection. Epicardial blood flow in the infarct-related artery (IRA) and myocardial perfusion were evaluated according to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade and the myocardial blush grade (MBG). We found TIMI score of 3 was obtained significantly more frequently in the GW group (96%) than in the control group (80%). The MBG score of 3 was obtained also significantly greater in the GW group (65%) than in the control group (33%). Conclusion: Primary PCI with GW protection can significantly improve epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion.     

运动平板试验的护理配合与观察

目的：探讨运动平板试验中护理配合的方法及对检查的影响。方法：对468例运动平板试验前、中、后的护理干预措施进行分析总结。结果：468例病人,运动试验阳性165例,其中发生心律失常65例、心绞痛27例、晕厥3例,经护理干预后,无休克、猝死等不良事件发生。结论：通过对运动平板试验的正确护理,能及时发现患者病情变化,有效地防止不良事件发生。     

Exercise SAGE:基于web的运动基因表达数据库

研究目的:建立人体在运动前后基因的表达量随时间的变化数据库,利用基因表达数据库进行相关数据挖掘。研究方法:利用高通量芯片测序数据库(GEO)中的公开测序数据开发了一个基于网络检索的数据库Exercise SAGE,可以帮助科研工作者检索人体运动前后在不同时间点基因的表达量。通过对人体在运动前后基因的表达量随时间的变化进行探究,可以更好的探究运动科学背后的分子机制。结论:以人体运动前后高通量芯片测序数据为基础,通过Web数据库技术,建立了人体运动前和运动后不同时间点的数据库,相关科研人员可以对数据库进行数据挖掘或共享数据。Exercise SAGE数据库在线访问地址是www. tsrna. org。     

大学生体测结果关注与锻炼坚持性关系的研究

探索大学生体测结果关注与锻炼坚持性的现状及其相互关系。通过文献法与访谈法对体测结果关注的概念及维度进行界定,自编大学生《体测结果关注问卷》,并修订大学生《锻炼坚持性问卷》,运用这两个问卷对1 219名在校大学生进行调查。通过方差分析、相关分析和回归分析,发现大学生的体测结果关注与锻炼坚持性在性别、年级方面存在显著差异,体测结果关注与锻炼坚持性显著相关,体测结果关注可以预测锻炼坚持性。其中,体测自较关注是预测锻炼坚持性及努力投入与情感体验因子的主导因素,《标准》评价关注最能预测锻炼行为。研究发现了体测自较关注对锻炼坚持性的重要意义,建议在实践教学中不仅要通过结果性评价满足学生对《标准》评价的关注,更要重视通过体质增值评价提高学生对体测自较的关注,进而有效促进学生的锻炼坚持性。研究为大学生体质健康促进的教学干预提供了理论依据。     

健康中国视域中的运动处方库构建

以人民健康为中心,主动健康为导向,发挥全民科学健身在健康促进、慢性病预防和康复等方面的积极作用,把健康关口前移到健康维护和疾病防控,推动形成“体医融合”的疾病管理与健康服务模式,是健康中国行动的目标与任务。国家运动处方库建设是在健康中国战略指引下,在借鉴学习国外运动处方研究、推广和应用先进成果的基础上,通过对我国运动处方内容系统、运动处方师培训系统、运动处方应用系统的构建,通过健康人群、疾病风险人群、慢性疾病人群、功能受损人群、发展性障碍人群运动处方的制定及运动处方推广应用路径的选择,将我国运动处方的研究、推广和应用向着科学、严谨、规范、深入推进,让具有科学性、针对性、有效性、可操作性并适合中国人体质特点的运动处方惠及我国亿万民众,为增强国民体质、增进国民健康,实现健康中国目标做出应有贡献,为世界运动处方的理论与实践提供中国经验与借鉴。     

运动处方的过去、现在与未来

运动作为防治疾病的一味"药",正迅速被越来越多的医生所认可,并走进了大众的日常生活。运动既然是"药",就不该是"多多益善",而应该是"量体裁衣"、个性化定制,也因此需要处方。文章旨在回顾运动处方过去和现在的发展与对未来发展需求的猜测,对这个方兴未艾的领域增进了解,并进行系统介绍。追溯运动处方的研究和发展历史,大致可以分为4个时期3个阶段,从认识到运动对健康的重要性到运动成为防病治病的良药以及运动处方的发展走过了近70年的历程。国外大量科学的研究(尤其是追踪研究)和数据是支持运动处方不断前进的基石。从运动处方科学发展中所学到的智慧将会对中国传统运动处方的建设、中国大众的健康促进作出积极贡献。     

Determination of peak cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in children: which averaging method should we use?

The purpose of this study was to identify which averaging methods most accurately measures peak cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters [peak O₂ uptake (VO₂), peak O₂pulse and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER)] in a sample of healthy children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional multicenter study, we recruited 278 healthy children aged 12–17 years. We compared the mean peak value of three CRF parameters using the recommended averaging methods (30-second block average) with alternative averaging methods such as moving averages or shorter smoothing periods. We also assessed averaging methods for accuracy by individually reviewing breath-by-breath scatter plots. The 30-second block average method resulted in a lower mean peak VO₂ and in an increased proportion of underestimated peak values. Using a 30-second moving average significantly increased mean peak values which increased accuracy. Similar results were found for peak RER and peak O₂pulse. In conclusion, the currently recommended averaging method (30-second block average) increased the risk of misinterpretation of peak CRF values in children. Using a moving average approach decreased misinterpretation and increased accuracy.     

体育课堂运动干预对女大学生体质健康影响的实验研究

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、实验法,研究体育课堂运动干预对女大学生体质健康的影响,为高校的体育教学改革提供一定的理论依据.结果显示:体育课堂的运动干预对女大学生身体素质和身体机能的改善和提高效果明显.     

The effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review

Although the effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy have been investigated in several studies, the findings are equivocal and the practical implications remain unclear. In an attempt to provide clarity on the topic, we performed a systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) electronic databases. Six studies were found to have met the inclusion criteria: (a) an experimental trial published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (b) the study compared the use of short (≤60?s) to long (>60?s) inter-set rest intervals in a traditional dynamic resistance exercise using both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, with the only difference in resistance training among groups being the inter-set rest interval duration; (c) at least one method of measuring changes in muscle mass was used in the study; (d) the study lasted for a minimum of four weeks, employed a training frequency of ≥2 resistance training days per week, and (e) used human participants without known chronic disease or injury. Current evidence indicates that both short and long inter-set rest intervals may be useful when training for achieving gains in muscle hypertrophy. Novel findings involving trained participants using measures sensitive to detect changes in muscle hypertrophy suggest a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to elicit hypertrophic effects. However, due to the paucity of studies with similar designs, further research is needed to provide a clear differentiation between these two approaches.