运动对GLUT4影响的研究进展

葡萄糖跨膜转运是机体利用葡萄糖的首要步骤。葡萄糖载体(GLUT)是细胞膜上介导葡萄糖跨膜转运的蛋白质,它们对机体的葡萄糖利用有重要意义。运动可有效增加外周组织(主要为骨骼肌和脂肪组织)细胞膜葡萄糖载体4(GLUT4)的数量,使细胞内GLUT4的囊泡数量增多,GLUT4mRNA的表达增强,有效地加快血糖的转移、吸收和利用,解除外周组织胰岛素抵抗,调节血糖平衡,对糖尿病人的治疗有积极的作用和意义。     

上海体育舞蹈开展现状调查研究

通过资料收集、问卷调查等方法对上海市闵行区体育舞蹈开展的现状进行调查,获得了上海体育舞蹈参与人员的年龄、训练周期、训练内容等基础信息,了解了体育舞蹈指导老师的知识结构、资格等级、年龄特点等信息,从而为上海体育舞蹈未来的科学、有效发展提出了建议。     

体育课堂运动干预对女大学生体质健康影响的实验研究

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、实验法,研究体育课堂运动干预对女大学生体质健康的影响,为高校的体育教学改革提供一定的理论依据.结果显示:体育课堂的运动干预对女大学生身体素质和身体机能的改善和提高效果明显.     

The effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review

Although the effects of short versus long inter-set rest intervals in resistance training on measures of muscle hypertrophy have been investigated in several studies, the findings are equivocal and the practical implications remain unclear. In an attempt to provide clarity on the topic, we performed a systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) electronic databases. Six studies were found to have met the inclusion criteria: (a) an experimental trial published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (b) the study compared the use of short (≤60?s) to long (>60?s) inter-set rest intervals in a traditional dynamic resistance exercise using both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, with the only difference in resistance training among groups being the inter-set rest interval duration; (c) at least one method of measuring changes in muscle mass was used in the study; (d) the study lasted for a minimum of four weeks, employed a training frequency of ≥2 resistance training days per week, and (e) used human participants without known chronic disease or injury. Current evidence indicates that both short and long inter-set rest intervals may be useful when training for achieving gains in muscle hypertrophy. Novel findings involving trained participants using measures sensitive to detect changes in muscle hypertrophy suggest a possible advantage for the use of long rest intervals to elicit hypertrophic effects. However, due to the paucity of studies with similar designs, further research is needed to provide a clear differentiation between these two approaches.     

Exercise SAGE:基于web的运动基因表达数据库

研究目的:建立人体在运动前后基因的表达量随时间的变化数据库,利用基因表达数据库进行相关数据挖掘。研究方法:利用高通量芯片测序数据库(GEO)中的公开测序数据开发了一个基于网络检索的数据库Exercise SAGE,可以帮助科研工作者检索人体运动前后在不同时间点基因的表达量。通过对人体在运动前后基因的表达量随时间的变化进行探究,可以更好的探究运动科学背后的分子机制。结论:以人体运动前后高通量芯片测序数据为基础,通过Web数据库技术,建立了人体运动前和运动后不同时间点的数据库,相关科研人员可以对数据库进行数据挖掘或共享数据。Exercise SAGE数据库在线访问地址是www. tsrna. org。     

休闲体育促进导引健身热

随着科学技术的发展和人们物质生活水平的不断提高,使人们对精神生活的需求也越来越高。在当代社会人们面对各种各样的压力,"城市文明病"的出现,休闲体育已日益成为人们日常生活不可缺少的内容,同时促进了我国导引健身的进步。     

Sleep quality in athletes under normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 1500 m altitude: A polysomnographic study

Abstract

In the present study, we evaluated the duration of slow-wave sleep (Stage 3 and 4) and total delta power (< 3Hz) in all-night non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalograms (EEGs) of athletes during normobaric hypoxia at simulated altitudes of 1500 m. Seven male athletes slept for two nights in a normoxic condition and one night in an hypoxic condition equivalent to an altitude of 1500 m. Whole-night polysomnographic recordings, thoracic and abdominal motion, nasal and oral airflow, and blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were recorded. Visual sleep stage scoring and fast Fourier transformation analyses of EEG were performed using 30-s epochs. Mean and minimum SpO₂ decreased significantly during sleep in the hypoxic condition. Between groups, changes in heart rate, respiratory disturbance measures including apnoea and hypopnoea, slow-wave sleep and total delta power of the all-night NREM sleep EEG were small and non-significant for the hypoxic condition_. However, individual difference in time at an SpO₂ below 90% were large in the hypoxic condition, and both slow-wave sleep and total delta power of all-night NREM sleep EEG decreased in three participants who spent a prolonged time below 90% SpO₂. The present results suggest that monitoring time below 90% SpO₂ is recommended when studying individuals' living-high schedule even under hypoxic conditions equivalent to an altitude of 1500 m.     

在高校中实施运动处方的现代意识教育

要全面实现高校素质教育目标,提高学生身心素质水平,就必须通过加大体育课程教学改革的力度,培养学生科学地掌握运动处方和自我锻炼、自我调控、自我评价的能力,首先要立足于有效的进行运动处方的现代意识教育。     

儿童身体锻炼的心理效应

儿童锻炼的心理效应的研究主要集中在身体锻炼的心理前因、身体锻炼与儿童体能、自尊、应激的关系等方面。大部分的研究表明 ,尽管儿童身体锻炼的动机存在着文化差异 ,但获得愉快感是儿童参加身体锻炼的主要动机之一 ,同时 ,内部动机是儿童坚持身体锻炼的重要因素 ;身体锻炼可能是造成儿童体能存在年龄与性别差异的重要原因 ;合理身体锻炼可以提高儿童的自尊或自尊的某一维度 ;儿童应激反应存在“过度反应模式” ,身体锻炼可以降低儿童不良的应激反应。     

论适应中国人特点的中老年人运动处方微机咨询系统

本研究确定出身体形态、机能、素质和定量负荷实验等九项测定指标在内的我国55～65岁中老年人健康和体质诊断系统。在实验的基础上,设计出含九种变异方案的运动处方模型,并采用模块化程序设计,用C语言建立起运动处方的微机咨询操作系统。