Metabolic response to 6-week aerobic exercise training and dieting in previously sedentary overweight and obese pre-menopausal women: A randomized trial

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare 6 weeks short-term moderate intensity aerobic exercise and dieting on serum metabolomics and cardio-metabolic risk factors in pre-menopausal women.MethodsNinety previously inactive overweight and obese (BMI 25–35 kg/m²) women (age 41.5 ± 7.6 years) were randomized to either a 6-week Nordic walking exercise program (EX, n = 45) or dietary counseling group (DI, n = 45). Body composition, serum glucose, insulin and lipids were measured. Serum low-molecular-weight metabolites and lipid constituents were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Measurements were done at baseline and 7 days after the last training session.ResultsSix weeks aerobic exercise program yielded reductions in serum free fatty acids (−34.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI), −50 to −18, p < 0.001), glucose (−9.6%, 95%CI, −15 to −4, p < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (−28.7%, 95%CI, −48 to −10, p = 0.005) without changes in body weight or fat mass. Diet counseling resulted in loss of body weight (1.5%, 95%CI, −2.3 to −0.7, p = 0.001) but no changes in free fatty acids, fasting glucose, or HOMA-IR were found.ConclusionOur results indicate that small weight loss does not produce measurable health benefits, whereas short-term regular aerobic exercise can improve glucose and lipid metabolism even in the absence of weight loss in previously sedentary overweight and obese women.     

Tai Ji Quan for the aging cancer survivor: Mitigating the accelerated development of disability,falls, and cardiovascular disease from cancer treatment

Currently there are more than 13.7 million cancer survivors living in the U.S., and that figure is projected to increase by 31% in the next decade, adding another 4 million cancer survivors into the healthcare system. Cancer is largely a disease of aging, and the aging of the population will sharply raise the proportion of older cancer survivors, many of whom will be long-term survivors (5+ years post diagnosis). This review will address the potential utility of exercise to address three health problems that are of particular concern for the aging cancer survivor and the healthcare system, i.e., disability, falls, and cardiovascular disease, because the development of these age-related problems may be accelerated by cancer treatment. While there are many different modes of exercise that each produce specific adaptations, Tai Ji Quan may be a particularly suitable strategy to mitigate the development of age- and cancer-treatment-related problems. Based on studies in older adults without cancer, Tai Ji Quan produces musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic adaptations and is more easily performed by older adults due to its low energy cost and slower movement patterns. Since cancer survivors are mostly older, inactive, and often physically limited by the lingering side effects of treatment, they need to engage in safe, practical, and effective modes of exercise. The dearth of published controlled trials examining the efficacy of Tai Ji Quan to mitigate cancer-treatment-related musculoskeletal and cardiovascular side effects points to ample research opportunities to explore the application of this non-Western exercise modality to improve long-term outcomes for aging cancer survivors.     

161名医学院男生身体素质发展追踪研究

根据国家教委颁发的《大学生体育合格标准》。通过对本校医学本科９３级男生在校开设体育课阶段进行连续三年追踪测试,对学生身体素质、机能、形态指标进行对比分析。结果表明：医学男生身体发育情况良好,体质发展总体呈上升趋势。     

对四川省散打队十运会赛前训练运动性疲劳的综合监测

目的：寻找对四川省散打队十运会赛前训练有关运动性疲劳有效的生理、心理监测措施。方法：采用追踪实验法和统计分析法。以四川省散打队备战“十运会”的五名队员为对象。以周为训练单位。采静脉血：每周一展8时空腹采血，共四周。测试指标：1）生化指标：CK、BU、Hb；2）心理指标：闪光融合频率、自创量表法。结果认为将整体监测与个体监测配合运用，是监测运动性疲劳的可靠手段；而将生化指标与心理指标结合使用，是监测运动性疲劳的有效手段。结论：运用生理生化指标和心理指标对散打运动员进行综合监控，其效果优于单一使用生理生化指标或心理指标。     

广州市城乡居民参加体育活动的情况暨体育人口调查

采用PPS和KISH标准化抽样方法，对广州市12个区／县的4800户(人)进行了入户调查。并运用社会科学分析软件包SPSSl1．0统计软件，在对所得数据进行统计处理后。全方位地描述分析了广州市社会体育人口的地理分布、各项特征、参加体育活动的主客观动因以及影响社会体育人口形成的主要因素，最后阐述了本次调查的几点启示。     

“跳百索”作为实施全民健身计划有效载体的可行性分析

跳百索即跳绳,是我国一项古老的传统运动项目,具有许多其他体育项目无法比拟的优点。就跳绳运动的健身功能、推广跳绳运动的可行性等方面展开论述,并提出实施方法、建议。旨在使人们了解跳绳运动,促使跳绳运动焕发新的生机与活力。开展与普及适合国情民情的跳绳运动,必能为全民健身计划的实施发挥应有的作用。     

论气象对体育锻炼的影响

环境污染尤其是空气污染的日益严重,对参加锻炼居民的健康带来巨大威胁,气象环境条件对体育锻炼的影响也越来越大。综合考虑气象条件的各方面因素,分析研究人们在体育锻炼中遇到的相关问题,并提出选择锻炼时间、方式等相应建议,以指导居民采取合理的预防措施进行体育锻炼,从而提高生活质量。     

耗竭运动对大鼠心肌线粒体功能的影响

采用耗竭运动方式,观察了大鼠运动后心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平、超氧化物岐化酶活性和还原型谷胱甘肽含量的变化。发现运动后即刻心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平显著升高,超氧化物岐化酶活性和还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著下降。结果提示耗竭运动时,心肌线粒体内源性自由基的产生是耐力性运动疲劳和运动损伤的原因之一。     

大学生运动实施度与应激关系的研究

研究探讨了SCL-6三维应激测试量表的信赖性,分析了大学生运动实施度与应激的关系.结果表明,SCL-6量表测试应激的信赖性是可以确认的,证实运动实施度与应激水平的高有十分密切的关系,即运动高实施群的应激水平要明显低于低实施群.其中,运动强度与时间对减缓应激的作用更为显著,而运动频度对应激的减缓效果并不明显.