Diversity arrays technology (DArT) for studying the genetic polymorphism of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Diversity arrays technology (DArT) is a microarray-based marker system that achieves high throughput by reducing the complexity of the genome. A DArT chip has recently been developed for tobacco. In this study, we genotyped 267 flue-cured cultivars/landraces, including 121 Chinese accessions over five decades from widespread geographic regions in China, 103 from the Americas, and 43 other foreign cultivars, using the newly developed chip. Three hundred and thirty polymorphic DArT makers were selected and used for a phylogenetic analysis, which suggested that the 267 accessions could be classified into two subgroups, which could each be further divided into 2–4 sections. Eight elite cultivars, which account for 83% of the area of Chinese tobacco production, were all found in one subgroup. Two high-quality cultivars, HHDJY and Cuibi1, were grouped together in one section, while six other high-yield cultivars were grouped into another section. The 330 DArT marker clones were sequenced and close to 95% of them are within non-repetitive regions. Finally, the implications of this study for Chinese flue-cured tobacco breeding and production programs were discussed.     

Frame Diversity and Citizen Competence: Towards a Critical Approach to News Quality

This article identifies two basic models of citizen competence (the ignorant citizen and the rational citizen) in which normative theories of journalism and standards of news quality are grounded. I propose the interpreting citizen as an alternative view of citizen competence. According to this model, the availability of diverse interpretive frames in the public realm, particularly in the news media, is an important precondition for enhancing citizen competence. Given flaws in existing standards for evaluating journalism quality, the news media should be judged in terms of their performance in presenting diverse interpretive frames, rather than in terms of informational goals.     

Diversity’s discontents: in search of an archive of the oppressed

ABSTRACT

Australian and US-based archivists have recently begun to confront their complicity in a documentary landscape that excludes and erases the voices and views of minority, oppressed and poor communities. Archival professional organisations in both countries attempt to confront this issue by focusing on the homogeneity of the profession, specifically through using the discourse of diversity. Thus, this keynote address, delivered at the 2017 conference of the Australian Society of Archivists in Melbourne, explores the following question: how, if at all, does diversity form part of the solution for dismantling the white supremacy of archives? It begins this inquiry by recounting the author’s participation and experience with diversity projects of the Society of American Archivists, before speculating how archivists might transition away from the language of diversity and towards the language of liberation through the concept of an archive of the oppressed. The central argument of the address is that dismantling white supremacy in archives requires archivists abandon the neoliberal discourse of diversity and adopt an archive of the oppressed, or a cooperative approach in which oppressed peoples are positioned as subjects in our own liberation.     

Artistry in Education

This paper argues that the primary mission of education is the preparation of artists. The concept of artistry used here is not limited to the fine arts, but to everything made well. Well-made objects, processes and ideas, whether practical or theoretical, require aesthetic judgement, depend upon technical skill, reflect attention to proportion and depend upon imagination. The paper argues that these cognitive processes, so important in the arts, are critically important in all walks of life today. As schools are impacted by well-intentioned but often ill-informed policies that standardise and homogenise the process of schooling, artistry can serve as an important remedy to its mechanisation.     

从美育的视角看语文教学

语文是一门具有丰富的知识性、深刻的思想性、高度的艺术性的学科,语文教学具有关键性的意义,全部依靠传统的语文教学方式难以很好地完成素质教育的要求和任务。美育的重要性不言而喻,依据新课标的要求,着力研究在语文教学中加强美育渗透的理念,将语文教学和美育完美地结合起来,使美育在语文教学中得以深化贯彻。     

西藏自然资源产业化开发战略探讨

西藏生物资源、矿产资源和能源资源都十分丰富。其中野生动物约6 400余种,药用植物1 000多种;境内查明的矿种有101种,矿产地2 000余处;水能资源天然蕴藏量约为2×10⁸ kW,地热发电潜力80×10⁴ kW,太阳年平均辐射达(3 300～4 800)MJ/m²。本文通过对西藏的优势自然资源的分析,提出资源产业的发展要打破自给自足的自然经济格局,把具有中长期的国内和国际市场潜力作为选择产业产品的基本条件。优势资源的产业化开发要注重市场、技术以及生态环境的结合,以市场需求为导向,发展能源、藏药、农牧和矿产等特色产业;以产业化技术研究、引进和创新为突破,进行产业化转化技术适用性、创新性研究;以集约化经营为目标,提高整体行业的生产力和竞争力;坚持资源产业化与生态环境保护相结合,促进资源消耗性经济发展模式向技术导向型模式转变;坚持政府主导发展战略,优化投资环境。     

论审美发生的基础

人类的意识和审美观念以及审美活动的前形态原始形象符号活动都有其生物学的根据。人虽有别于动物 ,是社会的人 ,但在早期活动中 ,生物学方面的动因、条件和基础是不可忽略的。美感起源中包含着生物的因素 ,但决定性的因素仍然是劳动以及在此基础上造就创造工具的能力     

思想矛盾:文学名著的一种伴随现象

思想矛盾的三种类型及其与文学名著的伴生关系。思想矛盾在文学创作中的积极作用和在审美欣赏中的现实意义     

“奇异”味与小说的审美观

本从整体角度，分析中国古代小说理论批评中的“味”论。通过研究说明：早期为了论证小说的独特功用和审美特点，评论常用“奇味”、“异味”来做整体说明；后期(主要是明清时期)评论常常在具体分析小说的人物、情节、语言乃至结构等艺术特点中，运用“味”的范畴来分析其美感特点。“味”虽然不是小说理论批评的中心范畴，但无疑是其重要审美范畴之一。而且这些“味”的范畴，明显是与小说的审美观紧密结合在一起的，由此可以看到中国古代小说审美观的不断发展变化及其特点。     

21世纪高校思想政治工作面临的挑战与对策

高校思想政治工作,关系着怎样培养社会主义建设者和接班人,关系着培养什么样的社会主义建设者和接班人。从新视角探讨21世纪高校思想政治工作的新动向、新特点及对策。