初中科学实施“学案导学”教学模式的实践与探索

针对当前科学课堂教学低效,学生课业负担过重等现象,尝试把传统的"教案"改为"学案",用"学案"引导学生自主学习,改革课堂教学结构,提高课堂效益。文章主要探讨"学案导学"教学模式、操作方法、应注意的问题和该教学模式的优点,以及在教学实践中的运用。     

Physical fitness of primary school children in relation to overweight prevalence and physical activity habits

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyse, through a limited number of fitness tests, the main conditioning and coordinative abilities in children aged 8–9 years, and their relationship with gender, anthropometric variables and physical activity habits. The height and weight of 256 boys and 241 girls were measured and information about physical activity habits was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed by means of a few standardised tests: ‘sit & reach’, medicine-ball forward throw, standing long jump, 20 m running speed, and forward roll test. In both boys and girls, body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were positively correlated with the medicine-ball throw performances and negatively correlated for the standing long jump and speed tests, while no association was found with tests measuring back flexibility and total body coordination. Daily physical activity and participation in sport were not significantly correlated with body weight and BMI, but were positively associated with children's motor performance. The standardised fitness tests selected in the current study have been found to be suitable to identify fitness levels of primary school children. Thanks to their limited number and ease of measurement, they can be used in any school context to classify children and for monitoring the effects of targeted interventions promoting physical activity.     

The Impact of an Obstacle Course Sport Education Season on Students' Aerobic Fitness Levels

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine if factor patterns of selected sports skills were similar for two samples, a skilled sample and one consisting of a wide range of skills. Comparisons were also made with kinesiological evidence regarding the patterning of basic sports skills. Data consisting of performance scores on various sports skills were available for 166 high school girls. Out of this sample, a smaller sample was drawn consisting of 69 girls who were above average in skill. Two factor models, alpha and incomplete image analysis, were used in the analysis of this data. The factor pattern of selected sports skills performed by subjects above average in skill was similar in many respects to that of a sample which included a wide range of skill. The primary difference lay in the clustering of overarm skills which appeared in the above-average factor pattern. The overarm and push patterns of the above-average sample resembled the patterns of skill obtained through kinesiological analysis. The structure of kicking, underarm, and sidearm skills remained obscure, based on the results of factor analytic techniques.     

Identifying and developing rugby talent among 10-year-old boys: A practical model

The re-entry of South Africa into the international sporting arena and the resultant need for the identification and development of talent, especially among formerly deprived groups of people, provided the incentive for this study. Its aim was to identify the physical, motor and anthropometric variables that will enable coaches to identify 10-year-old boys, based on their abilities, who could become successful rugby players. Altogether, 173 ten-year-old boys with no rugby experience from a cross-section of the population were selected at random and subjected to 14 physical and motor tests and 14 anthropometric measurements. From 22 schools which participated in the Western Transvaal primary schools under-11 rugby league, the three top teams (n = 45 individuals) were selected and also tested. The results from these three teams were used as the criteria for rugby talent among 10-year-old boys. To establish the best predictors of talent, a stepwise discriminant analysis was conducted: this indicated eight variables (four motor and four anthropometric) that discriminated maximally between the talented and the rest of the players of this age. With classification functions based on these eight variables, 93.8% of all the subjects were classified correctly, indicating good validity. A canonical analysis, based on the selected variables, was then conducted on all the under-11 teams that played in the league in the region (n = 330), and they were ranked according to the scores of the first canonical variable from the most to the least talented. By comparing these results with the players who were chosen for the region's primary schools team, a success rate of 88% in prediction of talent was established. We conclude that this is a successful and practical method to aid the teacher and the coach in selecting and developing talent among 10-year-old rugby players in South Africa.     

毽球运动纳入全民健身服务体系的SWOT分析及其对策研究

运用战略管理中的SWOT分析法,结合相关文献资料,对毽球运动纳入全民健身服务体系的内部优势和劣势,外部机会和威胁四个维度进行分析总结。结论和对策:为了使毽球运动科学有效地服务于全民健身,应充分发挥毽球运动组织管理的优势,广泛利用传统体育公法日益完善的机会,积极克服毽球运动人力资源不足的弱点,有效化解西方强势体育文化的威胁。     

“卓越计划”下电路实验教学改革的探索

实验教学是“卓越工程师教育培养计划”的一个重要环节,本文对电路实验教学体系、内容、方法及考核方式进行了教学改革,经实践达到了预期的效果。     

世界大众体育大会的演进及启示

通过文献资料、专家访谈、历史分析等方法,对国际大众体育兴起的社会背景进行深入分析。在此基础上分析并阐述了国际奥委会为推进大众体育在全球的开展,在国际奥委会中设立了大众体育委员会专门机构,考察了世界大众体育大会及世界大众体育运动会的创立和发展,并对世界大众体育大会对国际大众体育的影响进行回顾。最后,以历届世界大众体育大会的主题为线索,探寻促进我国大众体育发展的科学路径。     

辽宁省阜新市“全民健身示范城”建设理念与实践研究

为探索我国城市全民健身事业的发展,文章采用文献资料、调查研究、专家访谈等研究方法,对辽宁阜新市建设"全民健身示范城"的理念及实践过程进行了研究。认为阜新市建设"全民健身示范城"以体育文化发展为主线,通过建设以城乡体育服务一体化为基础;以篮球运动为核心项目;以蒙古族体育运动为特色;以满足城乡不同社会阶层市民强身健体、娱乐休闲、防病抗癌需求的健身网络,形成多元化的科学健身公共体育服务体系。将健身思想凝练成可操作的行为模式,改变市民不良的生活方式和生活习惯,提升市民精神文化和物质文化需求品味。     

Excavating cultural imperialism in student mobility programmes

The New Colombo Plan and similar student mobility initiatives in Aotearoa/New Zealand have been pitched as reversing the culturally imperialist focus of the original Colombo Plan (CP) because they involve sending Australian and Aotearoa/New Zealand students to the Indo-Pacific region instead of funding Asian students to study overseas. However, changes in this direction of student mobility mask ongoing geopolitical inequities. In order to interrogate these subtle power relations, this article adopts a Foucauldian genealogical approach. It briefly outlines the competing goals of the original CP before undertaking an analysis of the discourses evident in the Australian government’s New Colombo Plan and in the Education New Zealand’s Prime Minister’s Scholarship for Asia. This discourse analysis illustrates the extent to which the new student mobility programmes established in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand involve consuming the ‘Indo-Pacific’ and ‘Asian’ Other and often serves to reinforce rather than address global geopolitical inequities.